Determination of acidic sulfate aerosols in urban atmospheres in Erfurt (F.R.G.) and Sokolov (Former C.S.S.R.)

Cyrys, Josef; Gutschmidt, Kersten; Bräuer, Michael; Dumyahn, Thomas; Heinrich, Joachim; Spengler, John D.; Wichmann, H‐Erich

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00133-j

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The anthropogenic SO 4 2− is emitted from domestic heating processes and can, additionally, be enriched in the atmospheric boundary layer. Similar results were reported by Spindler et al (1999) and Cyrys et al (1995). A slight increase of the SO 4 2− concentration at noon and during the afternoon is recognizable for the other seasons.…”

Section: Particulate Ionssupporting

confidence: 79%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Measurements of PM10 ions and trace gases with the online system MARGA at the research station Melpitz in Germany – A five-year study

Stieger

Spindler

Fahlbusch³

et al. 2017

J Atmos Chem

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Section: Particulate Ionssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The diffuse sampler was installed in a suspension device, which was simultaneously acting as a shelter against the weather. After an exposition time of two weeks, the diffusive sampler was analyzed via flow injection with UV detection (Dämmgen et al 2010a) by the FUB. Data were available for one year starting in February 2012.…”

Section: Nh 3 Mini-denudermentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of PM10 ions and trace gases with the online system MARGA at the research station Melpitz in Germany – A five-year study

Stieger

Spindler

Fahlbusch³

et al. 2017

J Atmos Chem

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“…This is unlikely for PM 2.5 as PM 10 and PM 2.5 are highly correlated [19]. Aerosol acidity measurements in Czech Republic [20], Germany [21] and in the Netherlands [22] showed very low levels during wintertime which reduces the possibility that acidity would be associated with acute effects on respiratory health. We did not have information about the number of ultra®ne particles and can not evaluate if this measure may have been a better indicator for health effects as was suggested by Peters et al [23].…”

Section: Exposure Assessment and Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution effects on asthmatic children in Europe, the PEACE study

Roemer

Hoek

Brunekreef

2000

Clin Experimental Allergy

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“…In regions where particulate sources are local in origin, spatial variation may be evident. 10,11 In addition, it is likely that individuals in city traffic are commonly exposed to short bursts of particle concentrations higher than the 24-hr average. 12,13 Time-series studies also rely on the assumption that ambient particles effectively penetrate indoors such that ambient monitoring data are good surrogates for indoor levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients to Particulate Matter: Relationships between Personal and Ambient Air Concentrations

Ebelt¹,

Petkau²,

Vedal³

et al. 2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

113

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Most time-series studies of particulate air pollution and acute health outcomes assess exposure of the study population using fixed-site outdoor measurements. To address the issue of exposure misclassification, we evaluate the relationship between ambient particle concentrations and personal exposures of a population expected to be at risk of particle health effects. IMPLICATIONSAs epidemiological studies aim to attribute observed health effects to outdoor air pollution, the contribution of outdoor air pollutants to population exposure must be assessed. To support time-series epidemiological studies that evaluate the health impacts of short-term changes in air pollution, an exposure metric is required for which the day-to-day variability in personal exposures reflects the variability of ambient concentrations being measured. We found that personal exposures to particulate sulfate in a group of subjects at risk for adverse health effects of particulate air pollution were highly correlated, over time, with ambient particle concentrations. Personal exposures to sulfate were highly correlated with ambient levels across all individuals and all levels of exposure, whereas correlations between personal exposures to PM 2.5 and ambient particle concentrations were lower and more variable. Overall, we have shown that a personal measure of exposure to outdoor source PM is highly related to variation in ambient levels of PM, lending support to time-series epidemiological studies.Sampling was conducted within the Vancouver metropolitan area during April-September 1998. Sixteen subjects (non-smoking, ages 54-86) with physician-diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) wore personal PM 2.5 monitors for seven 24-hr periods, randomly spaced approximately 1.5 weeks apart. Time-activity logs and dwelling characteristics data were also obtained for each subject. Daily 24-hr ambient PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations were measured at five fixed sites spaced throughout the study region. SO 4 2-, which is found almost exclusively in the fine particle fraction and which does not have major indoor sources, was measured in all PM 2.5 samples as an indicator of accumulation mode particulate matter of ambient origin.The mean personal and ambient PM 2.5 concentrations were 18 µg/m 3 and 11 µg/m 3 , respectively. In analyses relating personal and ambient measurements, ambient concentrations were expressed either as an average of the values obtained from five ambient monitoring sites for each day of personal sampling, or as the concentration obtained at the ambient site closest to each subject's home. metric, the median r between personal and average ambient concentrations was 0.96 (range = 0.66 to 1.0). Use of the closest ambient site did not improve the median correlation of the group for either PM 2.5 or SO 4 2-. All pooled analyses resulted in lower correlation coefficients than the median correlation coefficient of individual regressions. Personal SO 4 2-was more highly correlated with all ambient measures than PM 2.5 ....

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Determination of acidic sulfate aerosols in urban atmospheres in Erfurt (F.R.G.) and Sokolov (Former C.S.S.R.)

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Measurements of PM10 ions and trace gases with the online system MARGA at the research station Melpitz in Germany – A five-year study

Measurements of PM10 ions and trace gases with the online system MARGA at the research station Melpitz in Germany – A five-year study

Pollution effects on asthmatic children in Europe, the PEACE study

Exposure of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients to Particulate Matter: Relationships between Personal and Ambient Air Concentrations

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