Determination of Acetic and Formic Acid in Lead Corrosion Products by Ion-exchange Chromatography†

Edwards, Robert; Bordass, W.; Farrell, David

doi:10.1039/a706473j

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It must be noted that pure water is not corrosive to metallic Pb, but the oxidizing agents that diffuse through this water layer are what lead to the formation of secondary Pb minerals (Pourbaix, 1966). The impact of moisture on the weathering of metallic Pb has been seen in the natural environment in the form of damp roof conditions that have been shown to increase the failure of Pb roofs on historical buildings due to 'condensation corrosion' (Edwards et al, 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, organic acids have been implicated in the accelerated weathering of Pb bullets in shooting range soils (Jorgensen & Willems, 1987), as well as the accelerated corrosion and failure of Pb roofs on historic buildings (Edwards et al, 1997;Graedel, 1994). This is most likely due to the destruction of the protective layer (mostly secondary Pb minerals) formed on the surface of metallic Pb during the weathering process (Edwards et al, 1997).…”

Section: Impact Of Soil Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This is most likely due to the destruction of the protective layer (mostly secondary Pb minerals) formed on the surface of metallic Pb during the weathering process (Edwards et al, 1997). Humic and fulvic acids may bind with Pb formed on the surface of metallic Pb, accelerating weathering of metallic Pb by exposing new surfaces (Jorgensen & Willems, 1987).…”

Section: Impact Of Soil Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of Soil Property and Soil Amendment on Weathering of Abraded Metallic Pb in Shooting Ranges

Lena

Hardison

Harris

et al. 2006

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Weathering of abraded metallic Pb from bullets is a significant source of Pb contamination in shooting range soils. Weathering studies were performed using metallic Pb powder to simulate the finesize fraction of metallic Pb found in shooting range soils. The effects of soil properties (moisture, organic matter-[OM] and pH) on weathering of abraded metallic Pb were examined by incubating a typical Florida soil for 5 to 12 days at 100% or 80% field capacity (FC) after spiking with 5% metallic Pb, after removal of soil OM at 100% FC, and after adjusting the soil pH to 4.8, 6.1 or 8.5 at 100% FC. The weathering products were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Transformation of metallic Pb to secondary Pb-minerals was more rapid at 100% FC, in the presence of OM, and at lower pH. While little transformation of Pb occurred in the absence of soil OM and mostly litharge (PbO) was found at higher pH, both hydrocerussite and litharge formed at lower pH. A three-step weathering mechanisms of metallic Pb including oxidation, carbonation and dissolution was proposed. Addition of both calcium carbonate and phosphate rock was effective in reducing water-soluble Pb, though the effect was minimal after 11 weeks of incubation, attributing to the liming effect of metallic Pb added to the soil. While reducing soil moisture and organic matter and increasing soil pH slowed weathering of metallic Pb in a soil, the effect of calcium carbonate and phosphate rock on Pb solubility in soils highly contaminated with Pb was limited.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of Soil Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Impact Of Soil Organic Mattermentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effects of Soil Property and Soil Amendment on Weathering of Abraded Metallic Pb in Shooting Ranges

Lena

Hardison

Harris

et al. 2006

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…The acidified electrolyte penetrates into cracks and defects in the protective corrosion layer, mostly consisting of α-PbO, PbCO 3 and Pb 3 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 2 and reacts with the lead to form soluble lead acetate [9]. Acetic acid acts as a catalyst of the reaction [10,11]. The mechanism of corrosive attack on lead in a damp atmosphere containing acetic acid is described by the following equations [12]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of lead in an environment containing acetic acid vapour by using adsorbents and their characterization

et al. 2019

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Historical museums and depositories contain collections with a number of lead objects or historical documents with lead seals. Lead is a metal which has good corrosion resistance under atmospheric conditions. On the other hand, lead corrodes in an activity in an environment which contains volatile organic compounds (mainly acetic acid and formic acid). In a depository environment, sources of volatile compounds can be the historical documents themselves, wood, plastics (those made from cellulose acetate), polyvinyl acetate adhesives, varnishes, oil or emulsion paints, etc. The aim of this work was to compare the efficiency of commercial adsorbents (activated carbon, activated alumina, zeolite, and bentonite) in the acetic acid vapours. The lead corrosion rates were determined by using lead resistometric probes. Activated alumina and activated carbon were found to be the most effective adsorbents of acetic acid vapours. On the other hand, the available zeolite had the worst sorption ability compared with the other tested substances.

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“…Lead carbonate then releases acetic acid and the process becomes self-sustaining. [7] Figure 2: Acetic Acid Corrosion of Lead [8] Using the data shown in Table 2, it was calculated that for 1mil of lead carbonate, approximately 0.45 mils of lead is lost, and for 1 mil of basic lead carbonate, 0.4 mils of lead is lost. The lead may also corrode when exposed to the vapors of acetic acid off-gas.…”

Section: Corrosion Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion of Lead Shielding in Model 9975 Package

Subramanian¹

2006

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Determination of Acetic and Formic Acid in Lead Corrosion Products by Ion-exchange Chromatography†

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of Soil Property and Soil Amendment on Weathering of Abraded Metallic Pb in Shooting Ranges

Effects of Soil Property and Soil Amendment on Weathering of Abraded Metallic Pb in Shooting Ranges

Protection of lead in an environment containing acetic acid vapour by using adsorbents and their characterization

Corrosion of Lead Shielding in Model 9975 Package

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