Determination of 4-Nonylphenol in Effluent and Sludge from Sewage Treatment Plants

Lee, Hing-Biu.; Peart, Thomas E.

doi:10.1021/ac00109a011

Cited by 170 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Results will contribute towards better-informed risk assessments and ensure that the most appropriate and cost-effective regulatory responses are made. References: a, Desbrow et al (1996); b, Routledge et al (1998); c, Ternes et al 1999b;d, Naylor et al (1992); e, Lye et al (1999); f, Blackburn & Waldock (1995); g, Isobe et al (2001); h, Lee & Peart (1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning, bioavailability and effects of oestrogens and xeno-oestrogens in the aquatic environment

et al. 2005

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This review provides insights into the distribution and impact of oestrogens and xenooestrogens in the aquatic environment and highlights some significant knowledge gaps in our understanding of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Key areas of uncertainty in the assessment of risk include the role of estuarine sediments in mediating the fate and bioavailability of environmental (xeno)oestrogens (notably their transfer to benthic organisms and estuarine food chains), together with evidence for endocrine disruption in invertebrate populations.Emphasis is placed on using published information to interpret the behaviour and effects of a small number of 'model compounds' thought to contribute to oestrogenic effects in nature; namely, the natural steroid 17β-estradiol (E2) and the synthetic hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), together with the alkylphenols octyl-and nonylphenol (OP, NP) as oestrogen mimics. Individual sections of the review are devoted to sources and concentrations of (xeno)oestrogens in waterways, sediment partitioning and persistence, bioaccumulation rates and routes, assays and biomarkers of oestrogenicity, and, finally, a synopsis of reproductive and ecological effects in aquatic species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning, bioavailability and effects of oestrogens and xeno-oestrogens in the aquatic environment

et al. 2005

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“…Although solid phase extraction (SPE) has become the most widely reported technique for pretreatment of water samples containing these contaminants [8 -12], liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [7,13] is still used for this purpose in routine analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High performance liquid chromatography determination of 4‐nonylphenol, 4‐tert‐octylphenol, and their short ethoxyl chain polyethoxylates in water samples using a microporous membrane liquid‐liquid extraction sample pretreatment technique

Liu

Liang

Jiang³

et al. 2003

J of Separation Science

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High performance liquid chromatography determination of 4-nonylphenol, 4-tert-octylphenol, and their short ethoxyl chain polyethoxylates in water samples using a microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction sample pretreatment technique Microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction (MMLLE) sample pretreatment, coupled with reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) was proposed for the determination of alkylphenols (APs), including 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), and their short ethoxyl chain polyethoxylates (SEC-APEOs) in environmental aqueous samples. After MMLLE, 4-NP, 4-t-OP, and SEC-APEOs were trapped in hexane used as acceptor. The hexane with enriched analytes was purged to dryness with nitrogen gas. Methanol (0.6 mL) and then water (1.4 mL) were added to dissolve the residue and the analytes were subsequently focused onto a C 18 precolumn prior to injection onto the analytical column for separation and detection by reversed-phase HPLC-FLD. The proposed procedure permits convenient determination of APs and SEC-APEOs, which have similar endocrine activity and appear as a single peak in reversed-phase HPLC. The detection limits for 4-NP and 4-t-OP were 0.1 and 0.05 lg/L, respectively. Four samples including tap water, river water, and effluent from a sewage treatment works water were analyzed by the proposed method and the recoveries at 0.5 lg/L spiked level were in the range of 74 -110%.

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“…In an attempt to shorten the sample extraction time, CO 2 supercritical fluid extraction with on line acetylation [9] or with methanol as modifier [10] has been proposed. However, when using aged sediment samples, the extraction yields are drastically reduced as compared to spiked samples, being 51 % and 49 % for NPEOs and OPEOs, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of nonionic polyethoxylate surfactants in wastewater and sludge samples of sewage treatment plants by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

2000

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Abstract. An analytical method is proposed in order to determine the major nonionic surfactants, octylphenolpolyethoxylates (OPEOs), nonylphenolpolyethoxylates (NPEOs) and aliphatic alcoholpolyethoxylates (AEOs), and their metabolites, nonylphenol and octylphenol in wastewater and sludge samples of sewage treatment plants. This method involved a Soxtec extraction step and a solid phase extraction step for the nonionic surfactant extraction from sludge and wastewater samples, respectively. With both methodologies, all recovery values were higher than 70 %. Quantitation and identification of individual compound were carried out by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using electrospray (ESP) as ionization mode. Reverse phase LC chromatography allowed the elution of all oligomer constituents of each homolog component into a single peak. Gathering all the oligomers into a single peak increased the peak intensity and provided a way to determine low concentration of APEOs and AEOs in different environmental matrices. Information on the oligomers distribution of APEOs and AEOs could be obtained by the extraction of selected m/z ions from the TIC chromatograms. Positive ESP LC/MS analyses of AEOs and APEOs yielded primary pseudo-molecular ions of the [M + Na] + type for each oligomer. The negative ionization mode allowed the determination of the two metabolites, nonylphenol and octylphenol, characterized by the pseudo molecular [M-H] -ion. Limits of detection achieved were 0.1 µg/L in wastewater sample and 10 ng/g in sludge samples. The developed LC-ESP/MS method was applied to the analysis of wastewater and sludge samples of two sewage treatment plants located in Orléans (France).

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Determination of 4-Nonylphenol in Effluent and Sludge from Sewage Treatment Plants

Cited by 170 publications

References 15 publications

Partitioning, bioavailability and effects of oestrogens and xeno-oestrogens in the aquatic environment

Partitioning, bioavailability and effects of oestrogens and xeno-oestrogens in the aquatic environment

High performance liquid chromatography determination of 4‐nonylphenol, 4‐tert‐octylphenol, and their short ethoxyl chain polyethoxylates in water samples using a microporous membrane liquid‐liquid extraction sample pretreatment technique

Determination of nonionic polyethoxylate surfactants in wastewater and sludge samples of sewage treatment plants by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

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