Determination of 4‐Nitrobenzaldehyde in Water Samples by Combination of Switchable Solvent Based Microextraction and Electrochemical Detection on MWCNTs Modified Electrode

Abstract

A novel approach is presented to determine 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde in water samples. The procedure is based on switchable solvent based liquid‐liquid microextraction (SS‐LLME) and then determination by differential pulse voltammetry at multi‐walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode. Dipropylamine, a solvent with switchable polarity, was used as an extraction solvent that can be miscible/immiscible upon the changes of pH of sample solution. Effects of experimental conditions on SS‐LLME were investigated using a one‐factor‐at‐a‐time methodology. Under optimized conditions, a calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 1.0 and 350 μg L−1. Limits of quantification and detection were empirically 1.0 μg L−1 and 0.3 μg L−1, respectively. Intraday and Interday RSDs%, calculated in three concentration levels, were in the range of 6.2–7.8 % confirm the proper precision of the method. Finally, the performance of the method was evaluated successfully in real samples including drinking water, tap water and river water.

Electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+/Oxamic Hydrazide and its Application for Selective Detection of 4‐Nitrobenzaldehyde

“…However, these methods suffer from poor specificity and require specialized and complicated instrumentations, which limit the practicability and simplicity of the detection procedure. Recently, new electrochemical approach was developed to detect 4‐NBA in water samples based on the microextraction technique and modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) . Despite the ultra‐sensitivity of this reported electrochemical method, it requires tedious sample preparation, and high cost MWCNTs nanomaterials that need more sophisticated synthetic steps to prepare and to immobilize on GCE.…”

P3MOT-decorated metal-porphyrin-based zirconium-MOF for the efficient electrochemical detection of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde

“…The symmetrical redox couple, characterized by a substantial increase in peak potential, where a noteworthy variation appeared at 0.0/−0.1 V, was related to the 4-(hydroxyamino)benzaldehyde/4-nitrosobenzaldehyde couple. 39 Importantly, the expected increased current (35.11 μA) was observed at the P3MOT@PCN-222(Fe) composite electrode. The existence of the amorphous P3MOT shell on the surface of the porphyrinic MOF enhances current signals (1.96 times) and expedites the charge transfer rate towards 4-NBA.…”

A comprehensive review on recent developments and future perspectives of switchable solvents and their applications in sample preparation techniques

“…The suggested technique offers a straightforward, affordable, and quick way to extract and determine 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde with a good linear range, a low limit of detection, and acceptable precision and accuracy. 149 For the precise detection of etrimfos from water and food samples at trace levels by GC-MS, an experimental design of switchable solvent-based liquid-phase microextraction is required. The best technique generated an enhancement factor of 54 fold, and the associated limits of detection and quantification were 1.3 and 4.4 ng mL −1 , respectively.…”

“…5. [122][123][124]126,127,[142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151] 5.9. Effect of pH on SSs pH plays a vital role in the extraction capability of extraction methods using SSs, and is considered to be one of the most important factors to be optimized, because the switching behavior of the SS from hydrophobic to hydrophilic plays a prominent role in the extraction of target analytes from aqueous medium to the extraction solvents (SSs).…”