Determination of 16S rRNA Sequences of Enterococci and Application to Species Identification of Nonmotile
            <i>Enterococcus gallinarum</i>
            Isolates

Patel, Robin; Piper, Kerryl E.; Rouse, Mark S.; Steckelberg, James M.; Uhl, James R.; Kohner, Peggy C.; Hopkins, Marlene K.; Cockerill, Franklin R.; Kline, Bruce C.

doi:10.1128/jcm.36.11.3399-3407.1998

Cited by 113 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…faecalis and Ent. faecium appear to be most commonly associated with human faeces (Noble 1978;Finegold et al 1983;Devriese and Pot 1995;Patel et al 1998). Enterococcus faecium accounts for 5-16% of enterococci isolated from human infections and is second only to Ent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of enterococci populations collected from a subsurface flow constructed wetland

Graves

Weaver

2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the population of Enterococcus sp. in domestic wastewater as it flows through a constructed wetland. Methods and Results: Four hundred and eighty‐four Enterococcus isolates were collected from the inlet, various sites within and from the outlet of a plastic lined constructed wetland in College Station, TX. The wetland treated septic tank effluent that passed sequentially through two 1·89 m3 septic tanks and a 1·89 m3 pump tank allowing 48 l doses at a 24 l min−1 rate. The Enterococcus isolates were identified to species using the commercial Biolog system. The 484 Enterococcus isolates were comprised of ten different species, including Enterococcus faecalis (30·6%), Enterococcus pseudoavium (24·0%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (12·8%), Enterococcus faecium (11·2%), Enterococcus mundtii (7·9%), Enterococcus gallinarum (6·2%), Enterococcus dispar (3·7%), Enterococcus hirae (2·1%), Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus flavescens both 0·8%. Of the 88 isolates collected from the inlet, only 9·1% of the isolates were identified as Ent. faecalis and Ent. pseudoavium (36·4%) was identified as the predominant species. Whereas of the 74 isolates collected from the outlet, the predominant species were identified as Ent. faecalis (29·7%). Species identification varied among sites within the wetland, but often Ent. faecalis was the predominant species. Conclusions: Our data suggest that while Ent. faecalis is the predominant species of Enterococcus found in domestic wastewater, the populations may shift during treatment as the wastewater flows through the constructed wetland. Significance and Impact of the Study: We found that shifts in Enterococcus species composition occurred during domestic wastewater treatment. This has implications for the identification of faecal pollution based on the presence of specific bacterial types associated with domestic wastewater.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of enterococci populations collected from a subsurface flow constructed wetland

Graves

Weaver

2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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“…The PCR methods used in this study are fast, simple and more reliable than the methods based on phenotypic characteristics of bacteria that are widely used (Schleifer & Kilper-Bälz, 1987;Facklam & Collins, 1989;Knudtson & Hartman 1992;Devriese et al, 1993). There are other rapid methods to identify Lactobacillus and Enterococcus species, such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Patel et al, 1998;Drancourt et al, 2000a, b), PCR methods using universal primers to amplify the variable regions of 16S rRNA genes (Dubernet et al, 2002), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis (Descheemaeker et al, 1997), and ribotyping (Pryce et al, 1999;Lang et al, 2001). The approach considered in the present work aimed to set up methods that could be implemented in reference laboratories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic amine-forming microbial communities in cheese

Burdychová

Komprda

2007

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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The aim of this study was to screen two cheese starter cultures and cheese-borne microbial communities with the potential to produce biogenic amines in cheese during ripening. Bacteria of the genera Enterococcus and Lactobacillus and coliform bacteria were isolated from Dutch-type semi-hard cheese at the beginning of the ripening period. Statistically significant counts of bacterial isolates were screened for the presence of specific DNA sequences coding for tyrosine decarboxylase (tyrDC) and histidine decarboxylase (hDC) enzymes. The PCR analysis of DNA from 14 Enterococcus and 3 Lactobacillus isolates confirmed the presence of the targetted DNA sequences. Simultaneously, 13 tyrDC- and 3 hDC-positive isolates were grown in decarboxylase screening medium and this was followed by HPLC analysis of the produced tyramine and histamine. Conventional and molecular taxonomic analyses of the above-mentioned isolates identified the following species: Enterococcus durans (7 strains), Enterococcus faecalis (3 strains), Enterococcus faecium (1 strain), Enterococcus casseliflavus (3 strains), Lactobacillus curvatus (1 strain), Lactobacillus lactis (1 strain) and Lactobacillus helveticus (1 strain). All of the above Enterococcus and two of the Lactobacillus strains originated from contaminating microbial communities. The L. helveticus strain, which was tyrosine decarboxylase-positive and exhibited tyramine production, originated from starter culture 1 used for cheese production. Comparison of partial tyrDC sequences of positive Enterococcus isolates revealed 89% sequence similarity, and that of hDC-positive Lactobacillus isolates revealed 99% sequence similarity.

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“…Different genes have been used for diagnostic and phylogenetic purposes. 16S rRNA gene sequencing is commonly used to identify bacterial species and allows discrimination of enterococci to the species level (45,(54)(55)(56); however, differentiating from species within a species group, such as the E. faecium group, can be less accurate (49,57,58). Several other genes have been proposed to help differentiate enterococcal species, such as ddl (D-alanine:D-alanine), atpA (ATP synthase), groES and groEL, sod (superoxide dismutase), and tuf (elongation factor Tu) (58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63), although, to our knowledge, no systematic comparison of the specificities and sensitivities of different genes has been done.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enterococcus: a Model of Adaptability to Its Environment

2019

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SUMMARYThe genusEnterococcuscomprises a ubiquitous group of Gram-positive bacteria that are of great relevance to human health for their role as major causative agents of health care-associated infections. The enterococci are resilient and versatile species able to survive under harsh conditions, making them well adapted to the health care environment. Two species cause the majority of enterococcal infections:Enterococcus faecalisandEnterococcus faecium. Both species demonstrate intrinsic resistance to common antibiotics, such as virtually all cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, clindamycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Additionally, a remarkably plastic genome allows these two species to readily acquire resistance to further antibiotics, such as high-level aminoglycoside resistance, high-level ampicillin resistance, and vancomycin resistance, either through mutation or by horizontal transfer of genetic elements conferring resistance determinants.

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Determination of 16S rRNA Sequences of Enterococci and Application to Species Identification of Nonmotile Enterococcus gallinarum Isolates

Cited by 113 publications

References 31 publications

Characterization of enterococci populations collected from a subsurface flow constructed wetland

Characterization of enterococci populations collected from a subsurface flow constructed wetland

Biogenic amine-forming microbial communities in cheese

The Enterococcus: a Model of Adaptability to Its Environment

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