Determination of 14C in Alcoholic Beverages

Schönhofer, F.

doi:10.1017/s003382220001239x

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Spalding et al 2008), as well as analysis of wine and whisky vintages (e.g. Schönhofer 1989; Tuniz et al 2004), the biological composition of hydrocarbon fuels (e.g. Dijs et al 2006) and the time of harvest of illicit drugs (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bomb-pulse Radiocarbon Dating of Modern Paintings on Canvas

Brock

Eastaugh²,

Ford³

et al. 2018

Radiocarbon

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Radiocarbon (14C) dating has previously been applied to modern paintings on canvas from the 20th century to identify potential modern forgeries, and dates indicate a time lag of several years between the harvesting of plant fibers for making canvas, and completion of a painting. This study investigated both the length of this time lag and the potential of 14C dating to inform about an individual artist’s mode of working (for example long-term storage or reuse of canvases, or extended reworking on a single canvas) and/or to establish a chronology for a corpus of work. Two pre-bomb and 16 post-bomb artworks by 17 mid-20th-century Scandinavian artists were 14C dated. The majority of post-bomb samples indicated a time lag of 2–5 years between the harvesting of the plants and completion of a painting, but some samples recorded lags of up to 10 years, and others produced much earlier results, potentially indicating the use of much older canvases or challenges removing contamination prior to dating. The importance of thorough pre-screening of canvas samples for both synthetic fibers and contaminants prior to dating, and selection of the most suitable calibration curve, are highlighted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bomb-pulse Radiocarbon Dating of Modern Paintings on Canvas

Brock

Eastaugh²,

Ford³

et al. 2018

Radiocarbon

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“…These data sets show a much smoother trend than previous data (Schonhofer 1989). One reason might be that initial measurements were made on commercial samples; another might be that our current use of an internal standard allowed for a more precise efficiency determination than parallel standards run with approximately equal ethanol concentrations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 69%

¹⁴C in Austrian Wine and Vinegar

Schönhofer¹

1992

Radiocarbon

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I analyzed wine from the vicinity of Vienna for 14C and 3H, using an ultra-low-level liquid scintillation counter. A series of certified samples from 1955 to 1987 was used to establish a calibration curve, which was applied successfully to a sample of apricot brandy. I used a simple extraction method to isolate acetic acid from vinegar, which I measured directly after mixture with a scintillation cocktail. A sample labeled as manufactured from wine contained too high a concentration of 14C, and thus may have been adulterated. Analytical- and technical-grade acetic acid also showed different concentrations of 14C, although it is unlikely that they are produced from organic material.

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“…without the normalization procedures that are commonly applied in 14 C-dating studies (Stuiver and Polach 1977). In line with Schönhofer (1989), sample preconversion into CO 2 or benzene was also omitted because no strong LSC quenching effects were observed. The net 14 C activities obtained are given in Table 2.…”

Section: Analysis Of Gasoline-ethanol Mixtures By Lscmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At first glance, this may seem somewhat complicated, because for several biofuels there are fossil counterparts on the market that are chemically identical (see Appendix). Nonetheless, principally it would be possible to overcome this difficulty by analysis of the radionuclide 14 C, which is, in contrast to biofuels, practically absent in fossil fuels (Higham 1999;Libby 1952Libby , 1958; this has been demonstrated with natural and synthetic food ingredients (Noakes 1983;Noakes and Hoffman 1980;McWeeny and Bates 1980;Schönhofer 1989;Martin et al 1981). In the oil industry, however, 14 C analysis is not routinely applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Determination by ¹⁴C Analysis of the Biological Component in Fuels

et al. 2006

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ABSTRACT. Radiocarbon analysis was performed by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to assess whether the content of biological components in hydrocarbon fuels could be derived. Different fuel mixtures were prepared containing bioethanol, fossil ethanol, and fossil gasoline. The specific 14 C activity of these mixtures was obtained from LSC measurements and directly related to the concentration of carbon originating from the bioethanol (biocarbon). The results were checked via standardized carbon dating procedures and AMS. A good linear correlation exists between the fuel mixture's specific 14 C activity and the concentration of biocarbon. Also, the biocarbon fraction of the fuel mixture (the ratio biocarbon : total carbon) and the normalized fraction of biocarbon (%M) showed good linear correlation. Therefore, both relations provide a possibility to quantitatively determine a fuel's biocarbon content by 14 C analysis. When the sample composition is known (e.g. resolved by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy [GC-MS] and nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]), the amount of particular biological components in a fuel sample can be derived subsequently. For mixtures of bioethanol, fossil ethanol, and gasoline with bioethanol contents in the range of 0.5-2% m/m, it was found that errors in the normalized fraction of biocarbon (%M) were in the range of 25-10%, respectively. For samples with a higher bioethanol content (up to pure bioethanol), the errors in %M were <10%. Errors might be larger if substantial changes in the concentration of atmospheric 14 C took place during the growth period of the biofuel feedstock. By taking into account the variation in specific 14 C activity of carbon over the last decades, and by modeling simple tree-growth, it could be illustrated that this effect becomes significant only if the biofuel feedstock stopped growing more than 1 decade ago, e.g. with wood from constructions.

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Determination of 14C in Alcoholic Beverages

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Bomb-pulse Radiocarbon Dating of Modern Paintings on Canvas

Bomb-pulse Radiocarbon Dating of Modern Paintings on Canvas

¹⁴C in Austrian Wine and Vinegar

Quantitative Determination by ¹⁴C Analysis of the Biological Component in Fuels

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Determination of 14C in Alcoholic Beverages

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Bomb-pulse Radiocarbon Dating of Modern Paintings on Canvas

Bomb-pulse Radiocarbon Dating of Modern Paintings on Canvas

14C in Austrian Wine and Vinegar

Quantitative Determination by 14C Analysis of the Biological Component in Fuels

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Product

Resources

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¹⁴C in Austrian Wine and Vinegar

Quantitative Determination by ¹⁴C Analysis of the Biological Component in Fuels