Determination and occurrence of AHH-active polychlorinated biphenyls, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in Lake Michigan sediment and biota. The question of their relative toxicological significance

Smith, Lawrence M.; Schwartz, Ted R.; Feltz, Kevin P.; Kubiak, Timothy J.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(90)90128-g

Cited by 135 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The TCDD concentrations in Great Lake fish have been reported to range from an average of 1.3 ng/kg in Lake Erie to approximately 41 ng/kg and are approximately 10 to 40 times lower than its ED50 for EROD induction [4,48]. In both cases, the concentrations found in lake trout are below their respective ED5Os for EROD induction.…”

Section: Effect Of Pch Mixfures On Cypia Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of toxic equivalency factors for PCB congeners and the assessment of TCDD and PCB mixtures in rainbow trout

Newsted

Jones

Giesy

et al. 1995

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between mammalian and piscine 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, based on induction of CYP1A enzyme activity, catalytic protein, and mRNA. Rainbow trout administered a single i.p. injection of TCDD had an average (±SD) ED50 of 0.91 ± 0.14 μg TCDD/kg for induction of ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase (EROD) activity. Ortho‐substituted PCB congeners 2,3,3′,4,4′‐pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 105), 2,3′,4,4′,5‐pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 118), 2,3,3′4,4′5‐hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB !56), and 2,2′3,4,4′,5‐hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 138) did not induce CYP1A activity in rainbow trout. Only three non‐ortho‐substituted PCBs, i.e., 3,3′4,4′‐tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77), 3,3′,4,4′,5‐pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), and 3,3′4,4′5,5′‐hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 169) induced CYP1A enzyme activity, protein, and mRNA. The ED50s for induction of EROD activity were calculated as 134, 5.82, and 93.7 μg/kg for PCB 77, PCB 126, and PCB 169, respectively. The TCDD‐TEFs based on EROD activity were 0.0006, 0.0014, and 0.0003 for PCB 77, PCB 126, and PCB 169, respectively. Binary mixtures of TCDD and three PCBs were also evaluated. Based on EROD activity and CYP1A protein, mixtures of TCDD and PCB 77 were slightly greater than additive. Mixtures of TCDD‐PCB 156 and TCDD‐PCB 126 were slightly less than additive. Results from these studies indicate that mammal‐derived TEFs will underestimate the potency of planar chlorinated hydrocarbon mixtures to induce the CYP1A catalytic activity in rainbow trout. Also, while interactions among PCB congeners and TCDD were somewhat equivocal, they did not greatly differ from predicted additive responses.

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Section: Effect Of Pch Mixfures On Cypia Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of toxic equivalency factors for PCB congeners and the assessment of TCDD and PCB mixtures in rainbow trout

Newsted

Jones

Giesy

et al. 1995

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Several investigators (O'Keefe et al 1983;Stalling et al 1983;DeVault et al 1989;Zacharewski et al 1989) have reported the presence of TCDD in several Lake Ontario fish species, with greatest concentrations present in lake trout and other salmonids having a high lipid content. In addition, concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been measured in salmonid eggs from the Great Lakes (Niimi 1983;Mac et al 1985;Smith et al 1990;Cook et al 1994). The bioaccumulation of these persistent chemicals in fish early life stages is critical to the characterization of risks of TCDD and related compounds in Lake Ontario for two reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced sac fry mortality in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from different regions of the Great Lakes

Guiney¹,

Cook²,

Casselman³

et al. 1996

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Background levels of TCDD toxic equivalents (TEs) in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) eggs (calculated using fish-specific toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and biphenyls (PCBs)) were higher for two locations in Lake Ontario than Lake Superior and a hatchery (10.5-10.9 versus 0.3 and 0.05 pg TE/g egg). Despite the higher contamination of Lake Ontario eggs, sac fry mortality was uniformly low for all eggs. This is consistent with TCDD toxicity equivalence concentrations (TECs) of all eggs being less than the TCDD no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for Lake Superior lake trout sac fry mortality (34 pg TCDD/g egg). Eggs exposed in the laboratory to [ 3 H]TCDD and maintained at either 8 or 8-3-8°C had similar sac fry mortalities. For all sources of eggs, [ 3 H]TCDD-induced sac fry mortality was associated with blue sac disease, which was not affected by water temperature, and resulted in similar LD 50 values (42-72 pg [ 3 H]TCDD/g egg). Thus, lack of sac fry mortality in wild Lake Ontario lake trout eggs was not caused by lack of responsiveness to TCDD but rather was attributable to egg TECs being below the TCDD NOAEL for sac fry mortality.Résumé : La concentration naturelle exprimée en équivalents de toxicité (ÉT) de la TCDD dans les oeufs de touladi (Salvelinus namaycush) (déterminés à partir des facteurs caractéristiques aux poissons d'équivalence de la toxicité des dibenzo-p-dioxines et dibenzofuranes polychlorés (PCDD et PCDF) ainsi que des biphényles polychlorés (BPC), était plus élevée à deux stations du lac Ontario qu'au lac Supérieur et dans une écloserie (10,5-10,9 contre 0,3 et 0,05 pg ÉT/g d'oeufs). Malgré la contamination plus marquée des oeufs du lac Ontario, la mortalité des alevins vésiculés était uniformément faible peu importe la provenance des oeufs. Cette constatation est conforme au fait que la concentration exprimée en équivalents de toxicité (ÉT) de la TCDD dans tous les oeufs est inférieure à la concentration sans effet nocif observé (NOAEL) de cette substance (soit 34 pg TCDD/g d'oeufs) déterminée en termes de mortalité des alevins vésiculés du touladi du lac Supérieur. Le taux de mortalité d'alevins vésiculés issus d'oeufs exposés à la [ 3 H]TCDD au laboratoire et conservés à une température de 8 ou de 8-3-8°C, était similaire. Peu importe l'origine des oeufs, la mortalité causée par la [ 3 H]TCDD chez les alevins vésiculés était associée à la maladie du sac bleu; celle-ci n'était pas soumise à l'influence de la température de l'eau. Cette mortalité correspondait à une CL 50 comparable, soit de 42-72 pg [ 3 H]TCDD/g d'oeufs. Ainsi, la mortalité réduite des alevins vésiculés issus d'oeufs pondus par des génitrices sauvages du lac Ontario n'est pas attribuable à une réaction peu marqeé à la TCDD, mais plutôt au fait que la concentration des équivalents de toxicité est inférieure à la NOAEL de la TCDD mesurée par la mortalité des alevins vésiculés. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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“…This failure of planted lake trout to develop self-sustaining populations has raised concerns about effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons, known to be present in this and other Great Lakes, on viability of gametes and early life stages. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been detected in lake trout eggs in the Great Lakes (Mac et al 1985, Smith et al 1990. A study by Stauffer (1979) found no evidence that viability of fertilized eggs of Lake Michigan lake trout was measurably impaired by PCBs and DDE present in the eggs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertilization of Eggs of Lake Michigan Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Water: Effect of PCBs (Aroclor 1254)

Foster

Berlin

1997

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Determination and occurrence of AHH-active polychlorinated biphenyls, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in Lake Michigan sediment and biota. The question of their relative toxicological significance

Cited by 135 publications

References 45 publications

Development of toxic equivalency factors for PCB congeners and the assessment of TCDD and PCB mixtures in rainbow trout

Development of toxic equivalency factors for PCB congeners and the assessment of TCDD and PCB mixtures in rainbow trout

Assessment of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced sac fry mortality in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from different regions of the Great Lakes

Fertilization of Eggs of Lake Michigan Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Water: Effect of PCBs (Aroclor 1254)

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