Determination and dietary risk assessment of 284 pesticide residues in local fruit cultivars in Shanghai, China

Abstract

The presence of pesticide residues has become one of the main risk factors affecting the safety and quality of agro-food. In this study, a multi-residue method for the analysis of 284 pesticides in five local fruit cultivars in Shanghai was developed based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). The limits of determination and the limits of quantitation of pesticides were 0.6–10 and 2–30 μg/kg, respectively. A total of 44, 10, 10, 18, and 7 pesticides were detected in strawberries, watermelons, melons, peaches, and grapes, respectively. The pesticide levels in 95.0% of the samples were below the maximum residual limits (MRLs) prescribed by China, and in 66.2% of the samples below the EU MRLs. The dietary risk assessment study showed big differences in the chronic and acute exposure risk values among different Chinese consumer groups. Through fruit consumption, children/females showed higher exposure risks than adults/males. But both the risk values were less than 100%, indicating that potential dietary risk induced by the pesticides was not significant for Chinese consumers. Nevertheless, certain measures are needed for both growers and the government in order to decrease the MRL-exceeding rate of pesticide residues and ensure the quality and safety of fruits for consumers.

On-the-Pack Voluntary Well-Being Messaging for Milks Targeting Chinese Older Adults: A Content Analysis

“…In this study, collectively, there were 769 verifiable nutrition claims made by the 207 milk products targeting COA, and only three claims (i.e., one “reduced fat” and two “contains dietary fibre”) from three products failed to comply with GB 28050-2011. Previously, Zhang reported 5.0% of fruit products available in Shanghai did not comply with the maximum residual limits for pesticides in food (GB 2763-2019) [ 69 ]. Wang summarised 540 pork hazard incidents based on 23,515 pork inspection cases from 2014 to 2016 (averaged at 2.3%), violating the hygienic standard for fresh (frozen) meat (GB 2707-2005), maximum levels of contaminants in foods (GB 2762-2012), general rules on pre-packaged food labelling (GB 7718-2011), etc.…”

“…Whilst examining compliance of nutritional claims with local regulations seems to be the common situation in similar research [ 69 , 70 ], this study went above and beyond mere compliance with government regulations to examine meaningfulness of the claims when compared to other products in the same category. The results indeed suggested that GB 28050-2011, for instance by being set too low, failed to differentiate between milks with various claims on multiple occasions.…”

Safety Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contamination and Pesticide Residues in Coix Seeds in Guizhou Province, China

“…The chronic dietary intake risk of each pesticide was determined using the national estimated daily intake (NEDI) and acceptable daily intake (ADI) [ 24 , 25 ]. The daily dietary exposure of a pesticide was calculated based on the following equation: where NEDI is the national estimated daily intake (mg/kg·d); STMR is the median residue, taking the average residual value (mg/kg); F is the average daily consumption of coix seed (kg/d)—31.1 g of coix seed per adult per day according to the survey; bw is average weight for adults (estimated to be approximately 60 kg).…”

An overview on the green synthesis and removal methods of pyridaben

“…The residue values ranged from 0.01 to 0.28 mg/kg, which was lower than the maximum residual level (MRL) value of European Union (0.3 mg/kg). In another study of five local fruit cultivars in Shanghai, 1 out of 40 peach samples was positive for pyridaben, with a residue value of 7.8 μg/kg ( Zhang et al, 2021 ). Pesticide residues in 2922 mandarin, tangerine, and orange samples from China were evaluated during the period of 2013–2018 ( Li et al, 2020 ).…”