Determination and analysis of the dissipation and residue of cyprodinil and fludioxonil in grape and soil using a modified QuEChERS method

Abstract

A simple and accurate method coupled with a gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detector was developed to detect cyprodinil and fludioxonil in grape and soil. The accuracy and precision of the method in detecting the two fungicides were evaluated by conducting intra- and inter-day recovery experiments. The limits of detection were 0.017 mg/kg for cyprodinil and 0.030 mg/kg for fludioxonil. The limits of quantitation were 0.05 mg/kg for cyprodinil and 0.10 mg/kg for fludioxonil in grape and soil. The recoveries of the fungicides in grape and soil were investigated at three spiked levels and were found to range from 85.81 to 102.94% for cyprodinil and from 92.00 to 106.86% for fludioxonil, with relative standard deviations below 7%. Field experiments were conducted in two experimental locations in China. The half-lives of cyprodinil were 9.6-20.8 days in grape and 5.8-15.6 day in soil, and the half-lives of fludioxonil were 6.2-7.2 days in grape and 6.0-12.1 days in soil. When the cyprodinil and fludioxonil 62% water-dispersible granule formulation was sprayed at a low dosage three times, terminal residues of cyprodinil and fludioxonil were below 1.0 mg/kg in grape 14 days after harvest. This work may serve as a reference to establish the maximum residue limits for cyprodinil and fludioxonil in grape and promote the proper and safe use of these two fungicides.

Simultaneous determination of residues of metalaxyl, cyazofamid and a cyazofamid metabolite in tobacco leaves and soil by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

“…Matrix enhancement was observed for cyazofamid and CCIM in soil, with both matrix/solvent slope ratios >1 (1.02–1.24, Table ). Matrix suppression was observed for metalaxyl in all three matrices and cyazofamid and CCIM in two tobacco matrices, with the matrix/solvent slope ratios <1 (0.54–0.95, Table ) (Li et al, ; Zhang et al, ).…”

“…Therefore, matrix‐induced signal suppression/enhancement was determined using the ratio of the slopes of the matrix‐matched calibration curve and the solvent calibration curve (Gilbert‐López, García‐Reyes, Lozano, Fernández‐Alba, & Molina‐Díaz, ). Recovery assays were used to investigate the accuracy and precision of the established method (Zhang et al, ). Five replicates of the spiked samples were prepared on three different days at three different levels as follows: 0.02, 0.2 and 2 mg/kg for metalaxyl in soil and green tobacco leaves; 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg for metalaxyl in cured tobacco leaves; 0.2, 2 and 20 mg/kg for cyazofamid and CCIM in soil and green tobacco leaves; and 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg for cyazofamid and CCIM in cured tobacco leaves.…”

Application of antagonist Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NCPSJ7 against Botrytis cinerea in postharvest Red Globe grapes

“…Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea , is one of the most destructive diseases in grape production (Fu, Qu, Yang, & Zhang, ; Jaspers, Seyb, Trought, & Balasubramaniam, ; Liu et al, ). At present, the main prevention and control methods for grape gray mold include the use of chemical fungicides, such as cyprodinil (Latorre & Torres, ), pyrimethanil (Gil, Becker, & Viegas, ), fludioxonil (Zhang et al, ), and fenhexamid (Petit et al, ). However, the irrational use and inherent weaknesses of these chemical drugs have resulted in serious environmental pollution (Li et al, ), fungicide resistance (De Miccolis Angelini et al, ), and pesticide residues (Cabras et al, ), which have affected the ecosystem balance and human health (Esteve‐Turrillas, Agulló, Abad‐Somovilla, Mercader, & Abad‐Fuentes, ; Orton, Rosivatz, Scholze, & Kortenkamp, ).…”

Simultaneous determination of difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid residues in watermelon under field conditions by GC–MS/MS

“…The LODs and LOQs of each analyte were determined by considering a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 and 10, respectively (Mohapatra, ). The MEs might affect the response in a positive or negative way depending on the level of ion suppression or enhancement (Zhang, Chen et al, ; Zhang, Jiang et al, ). This could greatly influence the reproducibility and accuracy of the method (Xu et al, ).…”