Determinate Root Growth and Meristem Maintenance in Angiosperms

Shishkova, Svetlana; Rost, Thomas L.; Dubrovsky, Joseph G.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcm251

Cited by 88 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…8a) also demonstrated clearly that differentiation of xylem reaches to within a few millimetres of the root tip of the dormant roots once its apex ceases growth and cell division. These developmental events in roots, where growth is temporarily or permanently suspended, are well illustrated in the literature (McCully, 1999;Shishkova et al, 2008).…”

Section: Implications Of Contrasting Xylem Maturation Along Shallow Rmentioning

confidence: 87%

Seasonal water relations of Lyginia barbata (Southern rush) in relation to root xylem development and summer dormancy of root apices

et al. 2010

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Summary• Periods of dormancy in shallow roots allow perennial monocotyledons to establish deep root systems, but we know little about patterns of xylem maturation, water-transport capacities and associated economies in water use of growing and dormant roots.• Xylem development, anatomy, conductance and in situ cellular [K] and [Cl] were investigated in roots of field-grown Lyginia barbata (Restionaceae) in Mediterranean southwestern Australia. Parallel studies of gas exchange, culm relative water loss and soil water content were conducted.• Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis decreased during summer drought as soil profiles dried, but rates recovered when dormant roots became active with the onset of wetter conditions. Anatomical studies identified sites of close juxtaposition of phloem and xylem in dormant and growing roots. Ion data and dye tracing showed mature late metaxylem of growing roots was located ‡ 100 mm from the tip, but at only £ 10 mm for dormant roots. Dormant roots remained hydrated in dry soils (0.001-0.005 g g )1 ).• Effective regulation of growth and water-conserving ⁄ obtaining properties permits the survival of shallow roots of L. barbata during summer drought and may represent important strategies for establishing deeper perennial root systems in other monocotyledonous plants adapted to seasonally dry habitats.Abbreviations: CEDX, cryo energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis; CRWL, culm relative water loss; CSEM, cryo-scanning electron microscopy; EMX, early metaxylem; LMX, late metaxylem; WCS, water content of soil.

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Section: Implications Of Contrasting Xylem Maturation Along Shallow Rmentioning

confidence: 87%

Seasonal water relations of Lyginia barbata (Southern rush) in relation to root xylem development and summer dormancy of root apices

et al. 2010

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“…The extent to which the primary growth of fine roots in trees is indeterminate (or not) remains unknown (Shishkova et al 2008). However, minirhizotron studies have demonstrated clearly that growth and mortality may occur simultaneously in the root system.…”

Section: The Phenology Of Fine Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperate and boreal forest tree phenology: from organ-scale processes to terrestrial ecosystem models

Delpierre

Vitasse

Chuine

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

220

192

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Abstract& Key message We demonstrate that, beyond leaf phenology, the phenological cycles of wood and fine roots present clear responses to environmental drivers in temperate and boreal trees. These drivers should be included in terrestrial ecosystem models. & Context In temperate and boreal trees, a dormancy period prevents organ development during adverse climatic conditions. Whereas the phenology of leaves and flowers has received considerable attention, to date, little is known regarding the phenology of other tree organs such as wood, fine roots, fruits, and reserve compounds. & Aims Here, we review both the role of environmental drivers in determining the phenology of tree organs and the models used to predict the phenology of tree organs in temperate and boreal forest trees. & Results Temperature is a key driver of the resumption of tree activity in spring, although its specific effects vary among organs. There is no such clear dominant environmental cue involved in the cessation of tree activity in autumn and in the onset of dormancy, but temperature, photoperiod, and water stress appear as prominent factors. The phenology of a given organ is, to a certain extent, influenced by processes in distant organs. & Conclusion Inferring past trends and predicting future trends of tree phenology in a changing climate requires specific phenological models developed for each organ to consider the phenological cycle as an ensemble in which the environmental cues that trigger each phase are also indirectly involved in the subsequent phases. Incorporating such models into terrestrial ecosystem models (TEMs) would likely improve the accuracy of their predictions. The extent to which the coordination of the phenologies of tree organs will be affected in a changing climate deserves further research.

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“…The maintenance of RAM and its organization during indeterminate growth requires a highly orchestrated balance between the production of new cells in the RAM and the rate of their displacement towards the elongation zone (Ivanov 1974(Ivanov , 1994Barlow 1976). The transition to elongation is related to the duration of a cell cycle and to the number of division cycles that meristematic cells pass while in the RAM (Ivanov 1974(Ivanov , 1994Shishkova et al 2008). A very peculiar feature of mko1 mutant is that no clear transition to rapid elongation could be found.…”

Section: Identification Of the Moots Koom 1 (Mko1) Arabidopsis Thaliamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tight regulation of cell production in the root apical meristem (RAM) is indispensable for meristem maintenance and for subsequent transition of meristematic cells to elongation and differentiation. A plant organ has indeterminate growth when it has a functional meristem, either active or with the potential to resume its activity (Shishkova et al 2008). The indeterminate growth of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) roots represents an interesting developmental model in which a complex network of genetic programs interact to establish and maintain stereotypic patterns of cell proliferation, cell growth, and cell identities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apical meristem exhaustion during determinate primary root growth in the moots koom 1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana

Hernández-Barrera

Ugartechea-Chirino

Shishkova

et al. 2011

Planta

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An indeterminate developmental program allows plant organs to grow continuously by maintaining functional meristems over time. The molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance of the root apical meristem are not completely understood. We have identified a new Arabidopsis thaliana mutant named moots koom 1 (mko1) that showed complete root apical meristem exhaustion of the primary root by 9 days post-germination. MKO1 is essential for maintenance of root cell proliferation. In the mutant, cell division is uncoupled from cell growth in the region corresponding to the root apical meristem. We established the sequence of cellular events that lead to meristem exhaustion in this mutant. Interestingly, the SCR and WOX5 promoters were active in the mko1 quiescent center at all developmental stages. However, during meristem exhaustion, the mutant root tip showed defects in starch accumulation in the columella and changes in auxin response pattern. Therefore, contrary to many described mutants, the determinate growth in mko1 seedlings does not appear to be a consequence of incorrect establishment or affected maintenance of the quiescent center but rather of cell proliferation defects both in stem cell niche and in the rest of the apical meristem. Our results support a model whereby the MKO1 gene plays an important role in the maintenance of the root apical meristem proliferative capacity and indeterminate root growth, which apparently acts independently of the SCR/SHR and WOX5 regulatory pathways.

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Determinate Root Growth and Meristem Maintenance in Angiosperms

Cited by 88 publications

References 164 publications

Seasonal water relations of Lyginia barbata (Southern rush) in relation to root xylem development and summer dormancy of root apices

Seasonal water relations of Lyginia barbata (Southern rush) in relation to root xylem development and summer dormancy of root apices

Temperate and boreal forest tree phenology: from organ-scale processes to terrestrial ecosystem models

Apical meristem exhaustion during determinate primary root growth in the moots koom 1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana

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