Determinants of urban-rural differentials of antenatal care utilization in Nigeria

Babalola, Blessing I.

doi:10.11564/0-0-614

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The likelihood of ANC dropout is higher among pregnant mothers from rural area. This finding is in agreement with previous studies in Nigeria ( 23 , 24 ) and Indonesia ( 25 ) and this might be due to the low accessibility of ANC service in rural areas. The other reason might be being far away from health facilities and multiple responsibilities among most women in rural area that hinder them to get enough time for seeking the service.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

More Than One-Third of Pregnant Women in Ethiopia Had Dropped Out From Their ANC Follow-Up: Evidence From the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey

Tariku

Tusa²,

Weldesenbet³

et al. 2022

Front. Glob. Womens Health

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BackgroundIn Ethiopia, the magnitude of antenatal care (ANC) practice and institutional delivery is low as compared with developed countries. The majority of the pregnant women have not completed their ANC follow-up and only 43% of women have reached the four and above ANC. This study was conducted to determine the magnitude of ANC dropout and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia.MethodsSecondary data analysis was conducted using the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019 (2019 EMDHS). The sample was selected using a stratified, two-stage cluster sampling design and the data were analyzed using the binary logistic regression model to identify factors associated with ANC dropout. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI was reported to declare significance and strength of association. A total weighted sample of 2,143 women who had antenatal care follow-up during pregnancy was included. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, variables having a p-value < 0.05 were considered to have a significant association with ANC dropout.ResultThe magnitude of ANC dropout was 39.12% (95% CI: 37.07 and 41.20%) among women who had ANC follow-up in Ethiopia. Aged 30–49 years [AOR = 0.71; 95% CI: (0.54, 0.94)], attended primary [AOR = 0.79; 95% CI: (0.62, 0.99)], secondary [AOR = 0.63; 95% CI: (0.44, 0.87)], and higher education [AOR = 0.39; 95% CI: (0.25, 0.62)], were in first trimesters [AOR = 0.49; 95% CI: (0.40, 0.60)] at the time of first ANC visit, and had access to laboratory service [AOR = 0.25; 95% CI: (0.13, 0.51)] were found to be a negative significant associated factors of ANC dropouts, whereas being rural resident [AOR = 1.53; 95% CI: (1.11, 2.10)] has a positive significant association with ANC dropouts.ConclusionMore than one-third of the pregnant women in Ethiopia had dropped out from their ANC follow-up in the study period. Being old-aged, educated, urban resident, having a first ANC visit in the first trimester, and having access to laboratory service were negatively associated with ANC dropouts. Therefore, we recommended encouraging women to have ANC visit at an early stage of pregnancy and conducting basic laboratory investigations during their visit. When undertaking that, due attention should be given to young, uneducated, and rural dweller women.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

More Than One-Third of Pregnant Women in Ethiopia Had Dropped Out From Their ANC Follow-Up: Evidence From the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey

Tariku

Tusa²,

Weldesenbet³

et al. 2022

Front. Glob. Womens Health

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“…A study in Bangladesh found education to be positively associated with eight or more ANC contacts during pregnancy [38]. Other studies that examined ANC visits in different settings, including Nigeria, have consistently reported that women with higher levels of education have a higher prevalence and greater odds of ANC visits than those with no education [24,39,40]. Thus, maternal education is associated with the use of basic maternal health services, including ANC [40,41], and lack of formal education has been associated with underutilization or non-use of ANC [24,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Patterns and Multilevel Analysis of Factors Associated with Antenatal Care Visits in Nigeria: Insight from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey

et al. 2021

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Despite global progress towards antenatal care (ANC) uptake, ANC utilization in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa, such as Nigeria, is low. Although several studies have identified the determinants and factors associated with ANC services utilization in Nigeria, there is a gap in knowledge about the spatial patterns in ANC use. Therefore, this study aims to map the spatial distribution and factors associated with ANC visits in Nigeria. A cross-sectional dataset was obtained from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 20,003 women aged 15–49 were considered in this study. Both spatial and multilevel analyses were carried out. The results were presented in spatial maps and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Hot spot areas (high proportion of an incomplete ANC visit) were located in Sokoto, Kebbi, Zamfara, Katsina, Kano, Jigawa, Bauchi, Niger, Borno, Gombe, and Bayelsa. Regional disparities in incomplete ANC visits were found in this study. Maternal age, maternal education, partner’s level of education, working status, ethnicity, parity, religion, exposure to media, place of residence, wealth index, region, and community literacy level were factors associated with incomplete ANC. There is a need to consider these factors in the design and strengthening of existing interventions (e.g., mini-clinics) aimed at increasing ANC visits to help attain maternal health-related Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. The regional disparities in incomplete ANC visits also need to be considered by encouraging pregnant women in hotspot areas to attend ANC visits.

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“…Many of the health facilities in Nigeria are situated in urban areas and they are accessible. Effective policies to address rural-urban differentials in this regard is a requirement for better ANC health care services [41]. In the same vein, regional disparities were noted in the underutilization of ANC services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and Predictors of Insufficient Antenatal Care Utilization in Nigeria over a Decade: A Pooled Data Analysis Using Demographic and Health Surveys

El‐Khatib

Odusina

Bishwajit

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This study investigated the patterns of antenatal care (ANC) utilization and insufficient use of ANC as well as its association with some proximate socio-demographic factors. This was a cross-sectional study using pooled data Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys from years 2008, 2013 and 2018. Participants were 52,654 women of reproductive age who reported at least one birth in the five years preceding the surveys. The outcome variables were late attendance, first contact after first trimester and less than four antenatal visits using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The overall prevalence of late timing was 74.8% and that of insufficient ANC visits was 46.7%. In the multivariable regression analysis; type of residency, geo-political region, educational level, household size, use of contraceptives, distance to health service, exposure to the media and total number of children were found to be significantly associated with both late and insufficient ANC attendance. About half of the pregnant women failed to meet the recommendation of four ANC visits. Investing on programs to improve women’s socio-economic status, addressing the inequities between urban and rural areas of Nigeria in regard to service utilization, and controlling higher fertility rates may facilitate the promotion of ANC service utilization in Nigeria.

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Determinants of urban-rural differentials of antenatal care utilization in Nigeria

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

More Than One-Third of Pregnant Women in Ethiopia Had Dropped Out From Their ANC Follow-Up: Evidence From the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey

More Than One-Third of Pregnant Women in Ethiopia Had Dropped Out From Their ANC Follow-Up: Evidence From the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey

Spatial Patterns and Multilevel Analysis of Factors Associated with Antenatal Care Visits in Nigeria: Insight from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Survey

Patterns and Predictors of Insufficient Antenatal Care Utilization in Nigeria over a Decade: A Pooled Data Analysis Using Demographic and Health Surveys

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