Determinants of the Voluntary Consumption of Nicotine by Rats

Maehler, R.; Dadmarz, M.; Vogel, Wolfgang

doi:10.1159/000026660

Cited by 29 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…WKR actually decreased their subsequent voluntary consumption of nicotine and both strains reduced their cocaine choice. In SpragueDawley rats we have shown previously that forced exposure did not increase a subsequent voluntary choice of any of the 4 substances tested here but actually had no effect on a subsequent free choice [23,28]. Thus, results of forced intake might also differ genetically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…This is in agreement with York and Chan [18], who also observed different ethanol responses in BNR, or Little et al [22], who found older rats to be more sensitive to the effects of ethanol. In Sprague-Dawley rats, we found younger rats to consume voluntarily more nicotine than older rats [23]. This might explain the common observation that more young people start to experiment with both drugs and that some loose interest shortly thereafter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Effects of Strain, Behavior and Age on the Self-Administration of Ethanol, Nicotine, Cocaine and Morphine by Two Rat Strains

et al. 2001

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Two genetically different strains, Brown Norway rats (BNR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKR), with the latter showing higher emotionality and lower plasma stress catecholamine responses, were compared for their voluntary intake of ethanol, nicotine, cocaine and morphine. Younger BNR self-administered the same amounts of all 4 substances as did the younger WKR suggesting a similar genetic basis for all drugs at this age. Older BNR consumed less ethanol and nicotine but equal amounts of cocaine and morphine as compared to older WKR, and older BNR were more sensitive to the effects of ethanol than WKR suggesting a different genetic basis for different drugs at an older age. Forcing both strains to consume one of the drugs did not affect a subsequent voluntary consumption of ethanol and morphine but reduced nicotine intake in WKR and decreased cocaine intake in both strains suggesting that drug use is determined by individual preferences and not drug exposure per se. The behavioral characteristics of both strains coincide only with the self-administration of ethanol and nicotine supporting a possible genetic linkage between anxiety/stress and ethanol and nicotine use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Effects of Strain, Behavior and Age on the Self-Administration of Ethanol, Nicotine, Cocaine and Morphine by Two Rat Strains

et al. 2001

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“…This study more closely resembles the situation in humans who may use both drugs at the same time. This two-or three-bottle freechoice method has been used widely for ethanol, but has now been shown to be also valid for nicotine and other drugs as well [e.g., 5,8,9,[26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Administration of both Ethanol and Nicotine in Rats

Marshall¹,

Dadmarz²,

Hofford³

et al. 2003

Pharmacology

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Self-administration of either nicotine (NIC) or ethanol (ETH) has been extensively studied. This study addressed for the first time the self-administration of both substances when offered together. Male and female rats of different ages were offered NIC and ETH using the two- or three-bottle free-choice method. When NIC and ETH were offered together at different concentrations to young male rats (about 45 days old), intake of NIC increased with increasing NIC concentrations, and intake of ETH increased with decreasing ETH concentrations, but these effects were independent of the presence of the second drug. These rats also consumed the same amounts of NIC or ETH regardless of whether offered individually or together. A prior choice of only NIC or ETH did not affect a subsequent intake of both drugs offered together. A choice of both drugs for 24 h for several days followed by a choice for only 2 h for several days showed the same intake of NIC but a decreased intake of ETH for the shorter period. Young female rats (about 45 days old) and older male rats (about 75 days old) consumed the same amounts of NIC but less ETH than did the young male rats. These results show that young male rats voluntarily consume NIC and ETH independently of each other and that preexposure to one drug does not affect the subsequent intake of both drugs in combination. The data also suggest that these drugs act on different reward centers which have to be ‘satisfied’ independently of each other.

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“…dissolved easily in water, had a high-salt base and comparable pH, and was stable over extended periods of time). Other studies have relied on a direct comparison to water [21] , sweetened solutions [33] and/or varying levels of nicotine concentration [29] .…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For decades 2-bottle tests have been the procedure of choice for evaluating reactions to taste solutions [25][26][27] , including oral nicotine [18,21,28] in nonhumans. One of the serious challenges encountered by those using the 2-bottle choice method of nicotine selfadministration in rats has been to demonstrate that rats will voluntarily consume sufficient amounts of a solution containing nicotine [29] to reach levels necessary to exert a pharmacological effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability Influences Initial and Continued Ingestion of Nicotine by Adolescent Female Rats

Biondolillo

Pearce²

2007

Neuropsychobiology

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Background: The availability of tobacco products is associated with the likelihood that adolescents will begin using tobacco. Yet the relationship between nicotine availability and voluntary consumption has not been tested experimentally in developing rats. Method: The impact of environmental availability on adolescent female rats’ initial reaction to and continued ingestion of a novel solution (nicotine or control) was compared using a standard 2-bottle free-choice method and a multiple-bottle method. Results: Manipulating the ratio of bottles containing novel solution to water directly influenced the amount of both nicotine and control solutions consumed. Although subtle differences emerged in intake patterns with prolonged exposure, overall intake patterns were remarkably similar for nicotine and control solutions. Conclusion: The intake of oral nicotine was directly influenced by the availability of nicotine solution relative to water. The results indicate that simply providing the right environment is sufficient, and perhaps necessary, to increase rats’ voluntary consumption of a nicotine solution without relying on deprivation or sweetening of the solution. That overall intake patterns were comparable for nicotine and control solutions suggests that this may be a general principle of rodent behavior rather than an effect specific to nicotine.

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Determinants of the Voluntary Consumption of Nicotine by Rats

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of Strain, Behavior and Age on the Self-Administration of Ethanol, Nicotine, Cocaine and Morphine by Two Rat Strains

Effects of Strain, Behavior and Age on the Self-Administration of Ethanol, Nicotine, Cocaine and Morphine by Two Rat Strains

Self-Administration of both Ethanol and Nicotine in Rats

Availability Influences Initial and Continued Ingestion of Nicotine by Adolescent Female Rats

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