Determinants of the current and future distribution of the West Nile virus mosquito vector Culex pipiens in Spain

Abstract

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West Nile virus in Spain: Forecasting the geographical distribution of risky areas with an ecological niche modelling approach

“…Considering the former and given that a competent mosquito vector, Cx. pipiens, is widespread in Spain (our results, but also see Bueno-Marí et al, 2012;Gangoso et al, 2020;, the transmission of WNV could be expected in most of the country. However, and regardless of the abundance of a competent vector, the risk of transmission is expected to be very low in areas with unsuitable climatic conditions for the circulation of WNV (such as northwestern Spain, see Figure 6).…”

Serological evidence of co‐circulation of West Nile and Usutu viruses in equids from western Spain

“…Previous studies have described Cx. pipiens as the most frequent and widespread mosquito species in Extremadura, followed by Culex theileri and Culex univittatus (Gangoso et al., 2020; Mixão et al., 2016), all of them highly competent vectors of WNV.…”

West Nile virus keeps on moving up in Europe

“…Authors adapted a suitability index to WNV and found that it confirmed the geotemporal estimation of transmission potential of WNV in the country. Several further studies have been and are investigating the ecological and environmental drivers of WNV [16,17]. Factors associated to national health systems, such as diagnostic awareness and vigilance, diagnostic capabilities and capacities, surveillance and reporting accuracies could also contribute to the annual variations of diagnosed and reported cases in a country.…”