Determinants of survival over 7 years for a natural cohort of sugar maple seedlings in a northern hardwood forest

Cleavitt, Natalie L.; Fahey, Timothy J.

doi:10.1139/cjfr-2014-0177

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Herbivory pressure and pathogens are among other superimposed effects that may affect maple seedling survival [61]. While pathogens were not examined nor anecdotally observed in this study, the significantly greater leaf damage measured on maple seedlings under maple-beech stands is an indication of higher herbivory pressure on maple under this specific forest type (Table 5), hence confirming our third hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Low Light Availability Associated with American Beech Is the Main Factor for Reduced Sugar Maple Seedling Survival and Growth Rates in a Hardwood Forest of Southern Quebec

Collin

Messier

Kembel

et al. 2017

Forests

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Several recent studies have reported a marked increase in American beech dominance (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) relative to sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) in late successional forests of North America. However, many factors have been proposed to explain this sudden shift in tree species composition. We investigated the microsite factors responsible for maple regeneration failure under maple-beech stands, focusing on both light availability and soil conditions. The survival and growth of maple seedlings planted in the natural soil and in pots with enriched soil were monitored for two years, as well as foliar nutrition and herbivory damages of natural seedlings. The results indicate that low light availability associated with the presence of beech is the primary factor leading to maple regeneration failures. Soil nutrient availability and foliar nutrition of natural seedlings did not differ between forest types. Yet, the results indicate that factors such as allelopathy and preferential herbivory on maple seedlings under beech could be superimposed effects that hinder maple regeneration. Under similar forests, a control of beech sapling abundance in the understory followed by selection cutting could be one way to promote and maintain maple populations in the longer term.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Low Light Availability Associated with American Beech Is the Main Factor for Reduced Sugar Maple Seedling Survival and Growth Rates in a Hardwood Forest of Southern Quebec

Collin

Messier

Kembel

et al. 2017

Forests

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“…In 2012, the leaves of many of the orchids turned brown and blistery soon after leaf expansion in May. Interestingly, we documented unusually high fungal damage in this year on sugar maple seedlings within HBEF (Cleavitt et al 2014) by a Rhizoctonia sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Life stages, demographic rates, and leaf damage for the round-leaved orchids,Platanthera orbiculata(Pursh.) Lindley andP. macrophylla(Goldie) P.M. Brown in a northern hardwood forest in New Hampshire, USA

Cleavitt

Berry

Hautaniemi

et al. 2017

Botany

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Life stages, demographic rates and leaf damage for the round-leaved orchids, Platanthera orbiculata (Pursh.) Lindley and P. macrophylla (Goldie) P.M. Brown in a northern hardwood forest, New Hampshire, USA. rates for a species pair of rare round-leaved orchids (Platanthera spp.) in a northern hardwood forest. Marked individuals were measured over five years, including: leaf area, damage by herbivores and pathogens, flowering and seed production. Germination trials were also conducted. Vital rates were very similar for the two species, which were about equally abundant despite large differences in seed production. Mortality was twice as high for juvenile as for adult stages and juvenile abundance was markedly lower than for adults. Both species are vulnerable to leaf damage by invertebrates and fungi and exhibit clear leaf area thresholds for progression across life stages, both suggesting a delicate carbon balance for these mixotrophic orchids. The likely role of mycosymbiont distribution in facilitating seedling establishment deserves further detailed study to inform conservation efforts as these and other orchid species face an uncertain future owing to rapid environmental change and increasing pressure from white-tailed deer herbivory in the northern part of their range.

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“…Sugar maple seedlings are prone to attack by many different insects (Gardescu , Cleavitt et al. ) and, at our site, the species most frequently encountered was Phyllobius oblongus (L.) (the European snout weevil, likely to fall in the “holes” category in Fig. ), which is known as an important herbivore on sugar maple (Coyle et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased seedling establishment via enemy release at the upper elevational range limit of sugar maple

Urli

Brown

Perez

et al. 2016

Ecology

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The enemy release hypothesis is frequently invoked to explain invasion by nonnative species, but studies focusing on the influence of enemies on natural plant range expansion due to climate change remain scarce. We combined multiple approaches to study the influence of plant-enemy interactions on the upper elevational range limit of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) in southeastern Québec, Canada, where a previous study had demonstrated intense seed predation just beyond the range limit. Consistent with the hypothesis of release from natural enemies at the range limit, data from both natural patterns of regeneration and from seed and seedling transplant experiments showed higher seedling densities at the range edge than in the core of the species' distribution. A growth chamber experiment manipulating soil origin and temperature indicated that this so-called "happy edge" was not likely caused by temperature (i.e., the possibility that climate warming has made high elevation temperatures optimal for sugar maple) or by abiotic soil factors that vary along the elevational gradient. Finally, an insect-herbivore-exclusion experiment showed that insect herbivory was a major cause of seedling mortality in the core of sugar maple's distribution, whereas seedlings transplanted at or beyond the range edge experienced minimal herbivory (i.e., enemy release). Insect herbivory did not completely explain the high levels of seedling mortality in the core of the species' distribution, suggesting that seedlings at or beyond the range edge may also experience release from pathogens. In sum, while some effects of enemies are magnified beyond range edges (e.g., seed predation), others are dampened at and beyond the range edge (e.g., insect herbivory), such that understanding the net outcome of different biotic interactions within, at and beyond the edge of distribution is critical to predicting species' responses to global change.

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Determinants of survival over 7 years for a natural cohort of sugar maple seedlings in a northern hardwood forest

Cited by 23 publications

References 44 publications

Low Light Availability Associated with American Beech Is the Main Factor for Reduced Sugar Maple Seedling Survival and Growth Rates in a Hardwood Forest of Southern Quebec

Low Light Availability Associated with American Beech Is the Main Factor for Reduced Sugar Maple Seedling Survival and Growth Rates in a Hardwood Forest of Southern Quebec

Life stages, demographic rates, and leaf damage for the round-leaved orchids,Platanthera orbiculata(Pursh.) Lindley andP. macrophylla(Goldie) P.M. Brown in a northern hardwood forest in New Hampshire, USA

Increased seedling establishment via enemy release at the upper elevational range limit of sugar maple

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