Determinants of single family residential water use across scales in four western US cities

Resource-conscious urban planning and design : Exploring the potential of urban metabolism assessments

“…So, although their categorization is comprehensive, the authors stress that other fields of literature should be consulted to complement their list of factors and to also assess these factors on their influence in future case studies. We selected the following additional factors for our case study: property value, home ownership, rental housing type, education level, age, and migration history (Baiocchi et al, 2015;Bich-Ngoc and Teller, 2018;Chang et al, 2017;House-Peters and Chang, 2011;Lenzen et al, 2004;Porse et al, 2016;Wiedenhofer et al, 2013).…”

“…At the same time, climate change is expected to further increase urban resource demands, including increased seasonal water demand and demands for building heating and cooling (Ciancio et al 2020;Rasifaghihi, Li, & Haghighat, 2020). These impacts are not only expected to differ among cities, given their different geographic locations and climate conditions, but also within cities due to microclimate differences (Chen et al, 2020a). Hence, urbanization, climate change and the interlinked processes of change pose a complex challenge to urban planning and decision making (McPhearson et al, 2016a).…”

“…Studies have substantiated correlations between consumption and climate and weather conditions (Meng et al, 2020;Rasifaghihi et al, 2020), demographic and economic factors (Bettignies et al, 2019) and urban and architectural morphological characteristics (Chen et al, 2020b;Fox et al, 2009;You and Kim, 2018). Others revealed a combination of climate, socioeconomic and morphological characteristics as explanatory variables for energy (Chen et al, 2020a;Kennedy et al, 2015;Wiedenhofer, Lenzen, & Steinberger, 2013) and water consumption (Chang et al, 2017;Jayarathna et al, 2017;Stoker & Rothfeder, 2014;Villarín, 2019). To date, however, few studies consider a long-list of potential factors of influence.…”

“…Pincetl et al, 2014) and those assessing correlations at different levels of spatial resolution too (e.g. Chang et al, 2017;Ghavidelfar, Shamseldin, & Melville, 2017;Kennedy et al, 2015). Studies that look into spatial variability of consumption using more detailed data aggregation levels than city level and that rely upon metered data are still uncommon (Bettignies et al, 2019;Bich-Ngoc & Teller, 2018;Voskamp et al, 2020).…”

“…Studies that look into spatial variability of consumption using more detailed data aggregation levels than city level and that rely upon metered data are still uncommon (Bettignies et al, 2019;Bich-Ngoc & Teller, 2018;Voskamp et al, 2020). Yet, multi-level, high resolution case studies can provide insight in the scaleand city-dependent behaviour of explanatory variables for consumption, about which still little is known (Bettignies et al, 2019;Chang 2017).…”