Determinants of psychological morbidity in survivors of the earthquake and tsunami in Aceh and Nias

Abstract

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to collect information to inform the design of a mental health response following the massive December 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Aceh and North Sumatra, Indonesia. As well as exploring the effect on mental health of direct exposure to the tsunami the study was designed to examine the effect on mental health of immediate post-disaster changes in life circumstances (impact).MethodsInformation was collected from a sample of 783 people aged 15 years and over in earthquake and tsunami-affected areas of Aceh and Nias, 616 Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and 167 non-IDPs. The structured questionnaire that was designed for data collection consisted of demographic information, measures of disaster exposure and of changes in life circumstances (impact), the extended version of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ), and a brief measure of resilience. Group comparisons, contrasting responses of IDPs and non-IDPs, were by chi-square for frequency data and t-tests for ordinal or continuous data. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relative contributions to psychopathology of demographic variables and measures of exposure, impact and resilience.ResultsHigh rates of psychopathology, including symptoms of anxiety and affective disorders and post-traumatic stress syndrome, were recorded in the overall sample, particularly in Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) who experienced more substantial post-disaster changes in life circumstances (impact). The IDP group experienced significantly more SRQ symptoms than did the non-IDP group. Demographic factors alone accounted for less two percent of variance in SRQ-scores. Higher SRQ-20 scores were observed among women, those with lower education, those with diminished resilience beliefs, those experiencing high scores on disaster impact, those experiencing direct exposures to the disaster, and due to (unmeasured) conditions related to being an IDP. The greatest effect among these was due to disaster impacts. The pattern was similar when considering post-traumatic stress symptoms separately.ConclusionsNegative changes in a person's life circumstances following a disaster appear to have as important an effect on psychopathology as the direct experience of the disaster. Ameliorating the extent and duration of post-disaster negative changes in life circumstances may play an important role in prevention of post-disaster psychological morbidity.

Psychological distress and resilience: a study of prevalence and association among school-attending adolescents in Benin-City

“…Prevalence studies of psychological distress and it's impact among adolescents in Nigeria is limited, with varying rates of distress reported, ranging between 15% and 50% (6-8, Fatoye, 1998 andIkegwuonu, 2009, unpublished report). Resilience to distress in adolescents has been conflictingly reported to be associated with high rates of depression and anxiety on one hand (9)(10), and also with lower rates of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideas (11)(12)(13). Family factors, such as polygamy (Fatoye, 1998, unpublished report), lower socio-economic class, divorce and separation, have also been reported as risk factors for the development of psychological problems in adolescents (14)(15)(16)(17).…”

Displacement as a predictor of functional impairment in tsunami‐exposed children

“…Distance to the coast has been employed in previous studies as a useful proxy for tsunami exposure (see, for example, Frankenberg et al, 2008;Irmansyah et al, 2010). While distance displaced and distance to the coast were retained as continuous variables for the multivariate analysis, the number of relatives or friends lost were recoded as categorical variables.…”

An Asthma Patient with Steroid-resistant Decrease in Peak Expiratory Flow after the Great East Japan Earthquake Showing Spontaneous Recovery after 1 Month

“…For example, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and subsequent tsunami devastated many countries around the Indian Ocean and left a major negative impact on the health of the survivors (1). Another example of such a catastrophic disaster is Hurricane Katrina; the storm hit the Gulf Coast of the USA in 2005 and was responsible for more than 1,800 deaths.…”