Determinants of Prenatal Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in an Urban Population

Herbstman, Julie B.; Sjödin, Andreas; Apelberg, Benjamin J.; Witter, Frank R.; Patterson, Donald G.; Halden, Rolf U.; Jones, Richard S.; Park, Annie; Zhang, Yalin; Heidler, Jochen; Needham, Larry L.; Goldman, Lynn R.

doi:10.1289/ehp.10333

Cited by 124 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This dilution of OC levels via increased weight was reported by Herbstman et al (2007) analyzing 297 cord blood samples. An inverse association between p,p′-DDE and BMI was also observed in studies analyzing maternal blood or human milk (Laden et al, 1999;Sarcinelli et al, 2003;Schildkraut et al, 1999;Torres-Arreola et al, 1999).…”

Section: Determinants Of Pollutant Levels In Cord Bloodmentioning

confidence: 57%

Organochlorine and heavy metals in newborns: Results from the Flemish Environment and Health Survey (FLEHS 2002–2006)

Koppen

Hond

Nelen

et al. 2009

Environment International

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oTo collect regional information on internal levels of pollutants in humans in Flanders, 1196 mother-child pairs were systematically recruited in 2002-2003 via 25 maternities across Flanders. Cd, Pb, PCB congeners 118, 170, 138, 153 and 180, p,p′-DDE -a key metabolite of DDT-and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were measured in cord blood or plasma. Cd was detected in 64% of the samples (geometric mean 0.21 µg/L cord blood). p,p′-DDE (110 ng/g plasma lipids) and Pb (14.7 µg/L blood), were measurable in nearly all samples. The individual PCB congeners could be detected in 40 to 81% of the newborns (138 + 153 + 180 = 64.4 ng/g plasma lipids). HCB (18.9 ng/g plasma lipids) and dioxin-like compounds measured by DR-CALUX® (23 pg CALUX-TEQ/g lipids) were above detection limit in more than 75% of the samples. Age and smoking habits of the mothers, did not influence the cord blood Pb and Cd levels. The organochlorines increased 4 to 9% per year of the mother's age (partial R 2 = 0.05 to 0.22). Mothers had 2.6% less PCBs in cord blood (partial R 2 = 0.02) for each unit increase in pre-pregnancy BMI. Season of delivery, breastfeeding previous children or consumption of local dairy products, were minor determinants. Up to 20% of the variability in organochlorine concentrations was explained by residence area. It was concluded that the place of birth in Flanders is an important determinant of the load of pollutants measured at the start of life. This underlines the validity of human biomonitoring on (relatively) small geographical scale.

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Section: Determinants Of Pollutant Levels In Cord Bloodmentioning

confidence: 57%

Organochlorine and heavy metals in newborns: Results from the Flemish Environment and Health Survey (FLEHS 2002–2006)

Koppen

Hond

Nelen

et al. 2009

Environment International

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“…Moreover, it has been discussed that lipophilic compounds with a low molecular weight are easily absorbed by passive transport [29]. The estimated half-lives of BDE-47 in humans are 1.8-3.0 years [10] and are substantially longer than those of BDE-209: 6.8 days [32]. From the results of these previous studies, we assumed that the two mothers in our high-concentration group had lived in an environment with high PBDE levels in food sources and/or house dust, and that greater amounts of low-brominated compounds had accumulated in their tissue compared with high-brominated compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of the up-regulation of the transporter, however, PBDEs were detected in fetal tissue, i.e., in the umbilical cord. The half-lives of PBDEs estimated by Hagmar et al [32] and Herbstman et al [10] were obtained by studying adult humans. The results of the toxicokinetic study in developing mice [36] suggest that the half-lives of PBDEs in fetuses might be greater than in adults, and that detection of PBDEs from cord blood and umbilical cords in our results might indicate that PBDE exposure had stronger effects on human fetuses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perinatal Exposure to Brominated Flame Retardants and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Japan

et al. 2008

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Abstract. Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are used to prevent combustion in consumer products. Examples of BFRs are polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and tribromophenol (TBP). These compounds are reported to have adverse effects on human health and endocrine disrupting effects. The purpose of this study was to identify the Japanese perinatal exposure to PBDEs, hydroxylated PBDE metabolites (OH-PBDEs), TBBPA, and TBP compared with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hydroxylated PCB metabolites (OH-PCBs). We investigated the concentrations of these compounds in maternal blood, maternal milk, cord blood, and umbilical cords from 16 Japanese mother-infant pairs by HRGC/HRMS. PBDEs were detected in all samples of maternal blood (mean ± SD; median = 25 ± 23 pg/g; 18 pg/g wet weight), maternal milk (140 ± 220 pg/g; 59 pg/g wet weight), cord blood (4.8 ± 6.5 pg/g; 1.6 pg/g wet weight), and umbilical cords (3.1 ± 3.1 pg/g; 2.1 pg/g wet weight). The mothers were divided into two groups, a high-concentration group and a low-concentration group. The percentage of BDE-47 showed the greatest difference between the two groups. 6-OH-BDE-47, TBBPA, and TBP were detected in all umbilical cord samples (mean ± SD; median = 8.4 ± 8.1 pg/g; 8.0 pg/g, 16 ± 5.5 pg/g; 15 pg/g, and 33 ± 8.2 pg/g; 32 pg/g wet weight respectively), but not in all maternal blood or cord blood samples. These results indicate that OH-PBDEs, TBBPA, and TBP, in addition to PBDEs, PCBs, and OH-PCBs, pass through the blood-placenta barrier and are retained in the umbilical cord.

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“…However, animal and epidemiological studies show PBDEs exposure can cause liver toxicity, developmental neurotoxicity, and may relate to metabolic obesity (Herbstman et al, 2007;Main et al, 2007;U.S. EPA, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in a Fly Ash Treatment Plant

Liao

Kennedy

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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PBDES are used as the flame retardants and have adverse effects on human health. Electric arc furnaces (EAF) are one of major emission source of PBDEs. The PBDE contents in the fly ashes of an EAF (29.3 ng/g) examined in this study were one to three orders higher than those in environmental soils. EAF fly ash treatment plants are established to resolve the disposal of this material, and also to recover the remaining iron or zinc from it. However, very little is known about the fate of PBDEs in EAF fly ash treatment plants. The EAF fly ash treatment plant investigated in this work can be divided into three sub-systems, including a pelletizer, reducing furnace and submerged arc furnace (SAF). The fly ash generated from the pelletizer process exhibited the highest PBDE content (7.69 ng/g), and contributed about 91% of the total PBDE inputs (4.40 g/day). The total PBDE concentrations in the stack flue gases of the pelletizer, reducing furnace and SAF were 24.5, 2.88 and 4.71 ng/Nm 3 , respectively. The high PBDE concentrations of the pelletizer resulted from not only the thermal desorption of lighter brominated congeners, but also fugitive particles of EAF fly ashes. Together, the three stacks accounted for 40.8% of the total PBDE outputs, revealing that the air pollution control devices deployed in the current study were not very effective with regard to removing PBDEs from the flue gas. The PBDE output/input ratio of the EAF fly ash treatment plant was 0.0378, and thus most PBDEs introduced into the system were decomposed. The EAF fly ash treatment plant examined in this work is thus a reliable facility with regard to the disposal of this material.

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Determinants of Prenatal Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in an Urban Population

Cited by 124 publications

References 51 publications

Organochlorine and heavy metals in newborns: Results from the Flemish Environment and Health Survey (FLEHS 2002–2006)

Organochlorine and heavy metals in newborns: Results from the Flemish Environment and Health Survey (FLEHS 2002–2006)

Perinatal Exposure to Brominated Flame Retardants and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Japan

Distribution of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in a Fly Ash Treatment Plant

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