Determinants of pre-eclampsia among women attending delivery services in public health institutions of Debre Tabor Town: a case–control study

Abstract

Background The burden of pre-eclampsia has been continued as a public health importance in both developed and developing countries. However, the consequence of the disease is significantly high in developing countries, where treatment may be unsuccessful due to unclear etiology and late presentation of cases. The determinants of pre-eclampsia are not well known in the Ethiopian population specifically in the study area. Therefore, this study was aimed to identify the determinant factors of pre-eclampsia among women attending delivery services in public health institutions of Debre Tabor Town. Methods Unmatched case–control study was conducted from December 1, 2020, to January 15, 2021, among 264 mothers (88 cases and 176 controls). A case–control incidence density sampling technique was applied and data were collected using an interviewer-administered pre-tested questionnaire. Data were entered using Epi-data version 4.2 and analyzed by statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 23. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Finally, a significant association was declared at a p-value of ≤ 0.05 with 95% CI. Results Young age at menarche (10–15 years) (AOR: 7.69; 95% CI: 3.10–25.29), status of the current pregnancy (AOR: 5.88; 95% CI:2.93–22.42), new partner (AOR: 4.16; 95% CI: 3.49–17.03), family history of pre-eclampsia (AOR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.40–4.18), and alcohol drinking (AOR: 2.18; 95% CI: 2.04–11.79) were found to be significantly associated with pre-eclampsia. Conclusions The current study identified that young age at menarche, the status of current pregnancy, new partner, family history of pre-eclampsia, and alcohol drinking were some of the determinant factors of pre-eclampsia. We suggested that health care providers should use these identified factors as a screening means for prediction, early diagnoses, and timely interventions of pre-eclampsia. Health care professionals should also deliver information regarding the risk of alcohol drinking during pregnancy in the preconception period and at early antenatal care services.

Association of age at menarche with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: A large prospective cohort in China

“…In a Swedish cohort study, 15 those who experienced menarche at ≤10 years had a 3‐times increased risk of preeclampsia when using menarche age of 13 years as reference. Another recent case‐control study also showed early age at menarche (10–15 years) significantly increased the risk of preeclampsia (adjusted OR 7.79, 95% CI 3.10–25.29) 24 . In contrast, when compared with menarche age of 12 years, advanced age at menarche (≥15 years old) could prevent against the risk of preeclampsia (adjusted OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19–0.90) 17 .…”

“…Another recent case‐control study also showed early age at menarche (10–15 years) significantly increased the risk of preeclampsia (adjusted OR 7.79, 95% CI 3.10–25.29). 24 In contrast, when compared with menarche age of 12 years, advanced age at menarche (≥15 years old) could prevent against the risk of preeclampsia (adjusted OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19–0.90). 17 These findings are in agreement with the present study.…”

Association of catechol-o-methyltransferase gene polymorphism with preeclampsia and biomarkers of oxidative stress: Study protocol for a prospective case-control study in Pakistan

“…Due to unclear etiology, preeclampsia remains a severe burden in the developing world [ 25 ]. Although sometimes preeclampsia follows a Mendelian pattern of disease for a small number of populations, mostly the disorder is a result of complex genetic anomalies.…”

Unveiling immune tolerance pathways in preeclampsia placenta: implications for molecular targets and discovery of potential biomarkers

“…Preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure, with or without proteinuria, occurring during pregnancy, typically after 20 weeks of gestation ( 1 ). Worldwide, it continues to be one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity ( 2 , 3 ). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), preeclampsia contributes to a significant number of maternal deaths and adverse perinatal outcomes globally each year, posing a substantial public health concern ( 4 ).…”