Determinants of poor self-rated health among adults in urban Mozambique

Abstract

BackgroundSelf-rated health is a measure expressing the general condition of health of individuals. Self-rated health studies are common in developed countries and in some developing regions. Despite increasing proportion of adult and older population in sub-Saharan Africa and poor population health indicators, there is a dearth of studies on self-rated health in the region. This study examines factors associated with poor self-rated health among adult individuals in Maputo metropolitan area in Mozambique.MethodsData for this study come from a survey of 1768 individuals aged 18 years or more carried out in Maputo metropolitan area, Mozambique, in 2015. Employing multiple logistic regression, the study used a subsample of 677 female and male respondents aged 40 years or more to estimate the determinants of poor self-rated health.ResultsAbout 54 % of respondents aged 40 years or more believed that their health status was poor. Female respondents [Odds Ratios (OR) = 3.43, p <0.01], single (OR = 4.71, p < 0.05), widow (OR = 1.81, p < 0.05), separated or divorced (OR = 2.08, p < 0.05) and those believing that hypertension or heart problem was a major community health problem (OR = 1.56, p < 0.05) displayed higher odds of reporting poor health than their peers, net of other factors. Furthermore, individuals aged 40–49 years (OR = 0.45, p < 0.01), or 50–59 years (OR = 0.59, p < 0.05), those whose work involves intensive physical activity (OR = 0.60, p < 0.05) and those from households treating drinking water (OR = 0.49, p < 0.01) showed lower odds of reporting poor health, adjusting for other factors.ConclusionOverall, the results point to the importance of age, gender, marital status, socioeconomic circumstances, individuals’ health behaviors and perceived community health problems as key determinants of poor self-rated health among adults in Maputo metropolitan area. Given the growing number of adult and older people in sub-Saharan Africa, the rising importance of non-communicable diseases and the scarcity of studies on determinants of poor self-rated health among adults in the region, our findings may have implications for a better understanding of the drivers of poor health among adults in urban sub-Saharan Africa

Building a theory of change for community development and HIV programming: The impact of social capital, stigma reduction and community-level changes on HIV-related health outcomes for orphans and vulnerable households in Mozambique

“…Researchers have found that social capital, social network engagement, and forms of social support can support patient retention in HIV treatments (Roy et al, 2016), lead to greater quality of life for PLHIV (Jong, Carrico, Cooper, Thompson, & Portillo, 2017), and improve mental health outcomes for children living with HIV (Sharer, Cluver, Shields, & Ahearn, 2016). Alternatively, Cau, Falcao, and Arnaldo (2016) show that social isolation worsens health perceptions among urban adults in Mozambique. Gibbs et al (2014) found that community volunteers are central to building social capital that benefits PLHIV.…”

21st century research in urban WASH and health in sub-Saharan Africa: methods and outcomes in transition

“…Three papers in the review consider general aspects of well-being and associated WASH indicators. Surveys explored selfrated health status and found multiple factors associated with determinants (Cau et al 2016), while social capital, including WASH access, was identified as a stressor effect on mental health (Greif and Nii-Amoo Dodoo 2015). Sanitation and over-crowding were also related to health issues in a qualitative photo voice study, however, the study reported that health was not a priority concern among the urban young (Mmari et al 2014).…”

Exposição à violência e autoavaliação de saúde: análise de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), 2013

“…Na última década, muitas áreas de investigação em ciências sociais e epidemiologia têm buscado refinar a pesquisa dos determinantes sociais e individuais da autoavaliação de saúde (Barros et al, 2009;Cai et al, 2017;Cau et al, 2016; Chireh e D'Arcy, 2018; Garcia et al, 2010;Lodin et al, 2017;Mascarenhas et al, 2017;Ou et al, 2018;Santos et al, 2007). Entre os determinantes individuais, é possível dizer, com base na literatura, que as pessoas, conforme envelhecem, tendem a classificar pior a sua saúde, ou seja, quanto mais se avança para faixas etárias maiores, mais o estado geral de saúde diminui e, consequentemente, a autoavaliação de saúde decai (Andrade e Mehta, 2018;Barros et al, 2009;Cai et al, 2017;Carvalho et al, 2015;Cau et al, 2016;Chireh e D'Arcy, 2018 Os achados em relação à autoavaliação em saúde e sexo indicam que mulheres tendem a avaliar sua saúde como ruimcomparativamente pior que a dos homens (Andrade e Mehta, 2018;Barros et al, 2009;Cai et al, 2017;Cau et al, 2016;Chireh e D'Arcy, 2018;Hosseinpoor et al, 2012;Sundaram, 2004 (Hosseinpoor et al, 2012).…”

“…Está bem estabelecida, também, a relação entre a autoavaliação do estado de saúde e os fatores de escolaridade e renda. Os estudos demonstram uma autoavaliação de saúde mais negativa nos indivíduos com menor escolaridade e menor renda (Andrade e Mehta, 2018;Barros et al, 2009;Cai et al, 2017;Carvalho et al, 2015;Chireh e D'Arcy, 2018 Ainda sobre aspectos individuais, os hábitos relacionados ao estilo de vida também têm sido relacionados à autoavaliação de saúde (Barros et al, 2009;Cai et al, 2017;Cau et al, 2016;Hansen et al, 2015;Ou et al, 2018;Pavão et al, 2013).…”

“…Outra característica individual associada à avaliação negativa sobre a própria saúde é a presença de doenças crônicas. Estudos demonstram que quanto maior o número de doenças crônicas, maior a prevalência de autoavaliação da saúde como ruim (Barros et al, 2009;Carvalho et al, 2015;Cau et al, 2016;Ou et al, 2018;Pavão et al, 2013). No Brasil, Pavão et al (2013) (Fayers e Sprangers, 2002;Jylhä, 2009;Schnittker e Bacak, 2014).…”