Determinants of Pancreatic Microcirculation in Acute Pancreatitis in Rats

Evaluation of Morphology and Microcirculation of the Pancreas by ex vivo and in vivo Reflectance Confocal Microscopy

“…Functional capillary density (FCD) of the normal exocrine pancreas, previously described by fluorescence in- travital microscopy by other investigators, ranges from 363 B 9 cm -1 to approximately 408 B 9 cm -1 [8][9][10][11]. The values for FCD (265.7 B 16.6 cm -1 ) obtained for the exocrine pancreas by in vivo CM in our study are lower.…”

“…Thrombosis of the microvasculature [1], decrease in tissue perfusion and oxygenation [2][3][4][5][6] and leukocyte-endothelial adhesion [7] with subsequent transmigration are essential steps in the progression from mild edematous to severe necrotizing pancreatitis. These dynamic events have previously been analyzed by intravital microscopy, the gold standard for evaluating microcirculation [8][9][10][11][12], and by reflectance spectroscopy of pancreatic microcirculation [4][5][6]. In pancreatic carcinoma angioarchitecture follows specific patterns with a lack of differentiation, irregular branching and changes in diameter, the appearance of sinusoidal or lacunar shaped vessels, and dense neovascularization at the interphase between tumor and the pancreatic peritumoral area [13,14].…”

In Vivo Imaging of Human Pancreatic Microcirculation and Pancreatic Tissue Injury in Clinical Pancreas Transplantation

“…As shown by Benz et al transplantation-related microcirculatory deteriorations, as reflected by decreased graft tissue pO 2 and hemoglobin oxygen saturation in the venous effluent of human pancreatic grafts, lasted as long as 1 h during the post-transplantation reperfusion phase (15). Among other mechanisms, microcirculatory impairment reflected by capillary perfusion failure with profound endothelial dysfunction increased microvascular permeability (10,27,31,32), and enhanced leukocyteendothelial cell interaction have been characterized under experimental conditions and are expected to trigger subsequent reperfusion-mediated manifestation of graft pancreatitis. These post-transplant alterations were also observed in the present clinical study, demonstrating increased intercapillary distance, reduced FCD and red blood cell velocity as well as scattered microvascular thrombosis, all indicative of capillary 'no-reflow' during the initial 30-min graft reperfusion period.…”

Pancreatic Acinar and Island Vascular Apparatus Associated with Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Processes

“…The argyrophilic structures of the pancreatic parenchyma is partially maintained even in necrosis areas, compared with the argyrophilic architecture of the small or large vesse Early or late acino-isle changes associated with stromal alterations do not usually involve the nerves, which are resistant to destruction [34][35][36] (figure 17). Pancreatic pain is characteristically described as a constant, severe, dull, epigastric pain that often radiates to the back and typically worsens after high-fat meals.…”