2021
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13309-7
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Determinants of material footprint in BRICS countries: an empirical analysis

Abstract: This paper explores the relationship between renewable energy consumption, urbanization, human capital, trade, natural resources, and material footprint for BRICS countries from 1990 to 2016. We apply the cross-sectional dependency test to check the correlation among the crosssection. Then, we use the second-generation panel test like CADF and CIPS to check the stationary in the series. After that, we go for the panel cointegration test, i.e., Pedroni and Westerlund panel cointegration, to know the long-run re… Show more

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Cited by 31 publications
(16 citation statements)
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References 98 publications
(93 reference statements)
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“…To be used for empirical estimation, Equations () and (2) are converted to econometric format in the form of intercept, the coefficients and error term as specified in Equations () and (4). The data converted to their natural logarithm (LN) form not only reduces the skewed distribution of the variables but also enables us to get the best estimates of the carbon emissions modelling by following (Sahoo et al ., 2021; Villanthenkodath and Mahalik, 2021; Villanthenkodath and Mushtaq, 2021). Since eco‐friendly technological collaboration (EINC) is a part of total innovations (INC), therefore we have created separate carbon emissions Models (Model 1 & Model 2) for our empirical setting.Model1:italicLNCO2t=α1+α2italicLNEINCt+α3italicLNECt+α4italicLNGDPt+ε1tModel2:italicLNCO2t=α1+α2italicLNINCt+α3italicLNECt+α4italicLNGDPt+ε2t…”
Section: Data Conceptual Framework and Empirical Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To be used for empirical estimation, Equations () and (2) are converted to econometric format in the form of intercept, the coefficients and error term as specified in Equations () and (4). The data converted to their natural logarithm (LN) form not only reduces the skewed distribution of the variables but also enables us to get the best estimates of the carbon emissions modelling by following (Sahoo et al ., 2021; Villanthenkodath and Mahalik, 2021; Villanthenkodath and Mushtaq, 2021). Since eco‐friendly technological collaboration (EINC) is a part of total innovations (INC), therefore we have created separate carbon emissions Models (Model 1 & Model 2) for our empirical setting.Model1:italicLNCO2t=α1+α2italicLNEINCt+α3italicLNECt+α4italicLNGDPt+ε1tModel2:italicLNCO2t=α1+α2italicLNINCt+α3italicLNECt+α4italicLNGDPt+ε2t…”
Section: Data Conceptual Framework and Empirical Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The selection of years was dictated by the availability of data for all the variables, particularly the energy structure data, which is available only up to 2014 in the World Development Indicators. The data were converted into the natural logarithm for the empirical analysis by the following studies (Pal et al 2021 ; Sahoo et al 2021 ; Villanthenkodath and Arakkal 2020 ; Villanthenkodath and Mushtaq 2021 ; Ansari and Villanthenkodath 2021 ; Villanthenkodath and Mahalik 2021 ).…”
Section: Theoretical Model Data Description and Econometric Methodologymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This section could be divided into three sub-sections: first, we focus on treating renewable and non-renewable energy consumption-emission nexus (Sahoo and Sahoo, 2020). Second, we mention the role played by trade and FDI in carbon emission effects (Gizem et al, 2017;Shahbaz et al, 2015;Usman et al, 2022b;Sahoo et al, 2021a;Sahoo and Sahoo, 2019;Sahoo et al, 2021b;Villanthenkodath et al, 2021;Gupta et al, 2022;Rout et al, 2022;Sahoo and Sahoo, 2020;Ali et al, 2022), and finally, we show the inclusion of urbanization in energy and environmental function (Sheng et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2021a;Qayyum et al, 2021;Jahanger et al, 2022a).…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 74%