Determinants of Infant Adiposity across the First 6 Months of Life: Evidence from the Baby-bod study

Herath, Manoja P.; Ahuja, Kiran; Beckett, Jeffrey M.; Jayasinghe, Sisitha; Byrne, Nuala M.; Hills, Andrew P.

doi:10.3390/jcm10081770

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Since the mother provides the intrauterine environment for the developing fetus, it is expected that the nutritional, endocrine, behavioral, and environmental factors of the mother during pregnancy are reflected in the metabolic health of the infant at birth [ 71 ]. Studies have found associations of gestational diabetes mellitus with concordant alterations in maternal and neonatal metabolic health and microbiotas [ 72 , 73 ]. During the postnatal period, infant feeding practices play the most important role.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Gut, Emerging Microbiome Areas of Research: A Focus on Early-Life Microbial Colonization

Vemuri

Herath

2023

Microorganisms

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Undoubtedly, the human body harbors trillions of microbes of different kinds performing various physiological activities, such as priming the immune system, influencing host metabolism, and improving health by providing important metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. Although the gut is considered the “microbial organ” of our body as it hosts the most microbes, there are microbes present in various other important anatomical locations differing in numbers and type. Research has shown the presence of microbes in utero, sparking a debate on the “sterile womb” concept, and there is much scope for more work in this area. It is important to understand the early-life microbiome colonization, which has a role in the developmental origins of health and disease in later life. Moreover, seminal studies have indicated the presence of microbes beyond the gut, for example, in the adipose tissue and the liver. However, it is still unclear what is the exact source of these microbes and their exact roles in health and disease. In this review, we appraise and discuss emerging microbiome areas of research and their roles in metabolic health. Further, we review the importance of the genital microbiome in early-life microbial interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Gut, Emerging Microbiome Areas of Research: A Focus on Early-Life Microbial Colonization

Vemuri

Herath

2023

Microorganisms

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“…Similarly, a study reported an association between rapid linear growth in infancy with increased visceral adipose tissues at 22 years [ 41 ]. It has been shown that FM/FFM P is statistically robust index which is highly sensitive to rapid changes in critical periods of infant growth due to the fact that absolute values of FM cannot explain interindividual fatness variations [ 45 ]. However, our findings showed that rapid weight gain was highly associated with FM, FFM, FMI, and FM/FFM P at 0–24 months critical growth period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of intrauterine and postnatal growth patterns and nutritional status with toddler body composition

2023

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Background Growth patterns may be indicative of underlying changes in body composition. However, few studies have assessed the association of growth and body composition in poorly resourced regions experiencing the double-burden of malnutrition exists. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate the association of intrauterine and postnatal growth patterns with infant body composition at 2 years in a middle-income country. Methods Participants were from the International Atomic Energy Agency Multicentre Body Composition Reference study. Fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), Fat mass index (FMI), fat free mass index (FFMI), and percentage fat mass (%FM) were measured in 113 infants (56 boys and 57 girls), from Soweto, South Africa, using deuterium dilution from 3 to 24 months. Birthweight categories were classified using the INTERGROWTH-21 standards as small (SGA), appropriate (AGA), and large-for gestational age (LGA). Stunting (> -2 SDS) was defined using the WHO child growth standards. Birthweight z-score, conditional relative weight and conditional length at 12 and 24 mo were regressed on body composition at 24 mo. Results There were no sex differences in FM, FFM, FMI and FFMI between 3 and 24 mo. SGA and AGA both had significantly higher %FM than LGA at 12 mo. LGA had higher FM at 24 mo. Children with stunting had lower FM (Mean = 1.94, 95% CI; 1.63–2.31) and FFM (Mean = 5.91, 95% CI; 5.58–6.26) at 12 mo than non-stunting, while the reverse was true for FFMI (Mean = 13.3, 95% CI; 12.5–14.2) at 6 mo. Birthweight and conditionals explained over 70% of the variance in FM. CRW at both 12 and 24 mo was positively associated with FM and FMI. CRW at 12 mo was also positively associated with FMI, while CH at 24 mo was negatively associated with both FFMI and FMI in boys. Conclusion Both LGA and SGA were associated with higher body fat suggesting that both are disadvantaged nutritional states, likely to increase the risk of obesity. Growth patterns through infancy and toddler period (1–2 years) are indicative of body fat, while growth patterns beyond infancy are less indicative of fat-free mass.

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“…However, another study by Sauder et al found that prenatal multivitamin use might slow the growth of an offspring during infancy [ 32 ]. Recently, a prospective study showed an inverse association between prenatal maternal iron supplementation and the infant’s fat mass at birth, and 3 months and 6 months post-birth [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Effects of Prenatal Folic Acid Supplement with Prenatal Multivitamin and Iron Supplement on Obesity in Preschoolers Born SGA: Sex Specific Difference

Strodl

Yang

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Prenatal maternal nutrient supplementation has been reported to be associated with offspring obesity, but the reports are inconsistent and have mainly ignored the differences between the total children population and children born small for gestational age (SGA). This study aimed to examine the joint effects of folic acid, iron, and multivitamin supplementation during pregnancy on the risk of obesity in preschoolers born SGA. A total of 8918 children aged 3–6.5 years born SGA were recruited from Longhua District in Shenzhen of China in 2021. Their mothers completed a structured questionnaire about the child’s and parents’ socio-demographic characteristics, maternal prepregnant obesity, and mothers’ prenatal supplementation of folic acid, iron, and multivitamin. In addition, the children’s current weight and height were measured by trained nurses. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between prenatal supplementations and the current presence of childhood obesity. After controlling for potential confounders, the results of the logistic regression analysis showed that prenatal supplement of folic acid (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.55~0.93) was associated with a lower likelihood of being an obese preschooler born SGA. In contrast, the ingestion of multivitamin or iron supplements during pregnancy did not seem to be related to the likelihood of childhood obesity in preschoolers born SGA. Moreover, cross-over analysis of prenatal folic acid and multivitamin obtained significant negative associations of prenatal folic acid supplement only (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.55~0.97) and combination supplement of folic acid and multivitamin (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.50~0.90) with obesity of preschoolers born SGA; while the cross-over analysis of prenatal folic acid and iron observed significant negative associations between obesity of preschoolers born SGA and a combination supplement of folic acid and iron (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.52~0.96). Furthermore, the aforementioned significant associations were only found in girls and not in boys when the analyses were stratified by sex. Our findings suggest that the prenatal folic acid supplementation may decrease the risk of obesity in preschool girls born SGA, and that this effect may be modified by prenatal multivitamin or iron supplementation.

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Determinants of Infant Adiposity across the First 6 Months of Life: Evidence from the Baby-bod study

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

Beyond the Gut, Emerging Microbiome Areas of Research: A Focus on Early-Life Microbial Colonization

Beyond the Gut, Emerging Microbiome Areas of Research: A Focus on Early-Life Microbial Colonization

The association of intrauterine and postnatal growth patterns and nutritional status with toddler body composition

Joint Effects of Prenatal Folic Acid Supplement with Prenatal Multivitamin and Iron Supplement on Obesity in Preschoolers Born SGA: Sex Specific Difference

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