Determinants of hypocholesterolemic response to soy and animal protein-based diets

Shorey, RoseAnn L.; Bazan, Botucatu Rodrigo; Lo, Grace S.; Steinke, Fred H.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/34.9.1769

Cited by 62 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In studies where lower serum cholesterol levels of patients eating plant protein have been observed, these changes were either marginal and difficult to ascertain [Carroll et al, 1978] or the nutri tional studies were performed in type Ila hypercholesterolemic patients [Sirtori et al. 1979;Vessby, 1982;Shorey et al, 1981]. In pigs only extreme dietary conditions, i.e., a supraphysiological cholesterol intake, will make the effect perceivable [Kim et al, 1978;Pfeuffer and Barth, 1983],…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Dietary Casein or Soy Protein on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins of Monkeys <i>(Macaca fascicularis)</i>

Barth¹,

Pfeuffer²,

Hahn³

1984

Ann Nutr Metab

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In order to learn whether a complete exchange of dietary soy protein for casein causes a change of serum lipid levels in primates, 8 Macaca fascicularis monkeys were fed a semi-purified ration; its basic composition was similar to diets consumed in Western Europe. In a crossover experiment, casein was exchanged for a soy protein isolate and vice versa. Plasma and lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined following a 3-week dietary regimen. There was no significant difference of total serum cholesterol levels between the soy protein and casein periods (4.6 vs. 4.7 mmol/l). However, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were significantly higher (1.6 vs. 1.2 mmol/l, p < 0.01) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels were significantly lower (0.39 vs. 0.55 mmol/l, p < 0.01) following the soy protein diet. There was no distinct change in total or lipoprotein triglyceride levels following exchange of the dietary protein. It is concluded that in nonhuman primates a complete exchange of soy protein for casein produces changes of HDL, but not of total or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Dietary Casein or Soy Protein on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins of Monkeys <i>(Macaca fascicularis)</i>

Barth¹,

Pfeuffer²,

Hahn³

1984

Ann Nutr Metab

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“…Lean meat will not adversely affect LDL-C when the background diet is low in saturated fatty acids. [322][323][324][325][326] (1+) Traditional practice recommends 100 to 150 g and 150 to 200 g cooked lean meat per day for women and men respectively, depending on their body size. (4)…”

Section: Meat and Meat Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute risk of cardiovascular disease events, and blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering therapy in Australia

Banks

Crouch

Korda

et al. 2016

Medical Journal of Australia

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Objective: To quantify absolute cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and treatment in Australian adults. Design, participants: Cross‐sectional representative study of 9564 people aged 18 years or more who had participated in the 2011–12 Australian National Health Measures Survey (response rate for those aged 45–74 years: 46.5%). Main outcome measures: Prior CVD was ascertained and 5‐year absolute risk of a primary CVD event calculated (using the Australian National Vascular Disease Prevention Alliance algorithm; categories: low [< 10%], moderate [10–15%], and high [> 15%] risk) on the basis of data on medical history, risk factors and medications, derived from interviews, physical measurements, and blood and urine samples. Results: Absolute CVD risk increased with age and was higher among men than women. Overall, 19.9% (95% CI, 18.5–21.3%) of Australians aged 45–74 years had a high absolute risk of a future CVD event (an estimated 1 445 000 people): 8.7% (95% CI, 7.8–9.6%) had prior CVD (estimated 634 000 people) and 11.2% (95% CI, 10.2–12.2%) had high primary CVD risk (estimated 811 000 people). A further 8.6% (95% CI, 7.4–9.8%, estimated 625 000) were at moderate primary CVD risk. Among those with prior CVD, 44.2% (95% CI, 36.8–51.6%) were receiving blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering medications, 35.4% (95% CI, 27.8–43.0%) were receiving only one of these, and 20.4% (95% CI, 13.9–26.9%) were receiving neither. Corresponding figures for high primary CVD risk were 24.3% (95% CI, 18.3–30.3%); 28.7% (95% CI, 22.7–34.7%); and 47.1% (95% CI, 39.9–54.3%). Conclusions: About one‐fifth of the Australian population aged 45–74 years (about 1.4 million individuals) were estimated to have a high absolute risk of a future CVD event. Most (estimated 970 000) were not receiving currently recommended combination blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering therapy, indicating substantial potential for health gains by increasing routine assessment and treatment according to absolute CVD risk.

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“…Results of other early studies of soy protein in hypercholesterolemic subjects showed either cholesterol reduction 12 or no effect. 13,14 A meta-analysis published in 1995 attempted to reconcile the many divergent findings among studies of soy protein. 15 In 29 controlled studies, a trend emerged that soy protein selectively reduced blood cholesterol in direct proportion to the degree of hypercholesterolemia.…”

Section: The Soy Protein Hypothesis On Ldl Cholesterol An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soy Protein, Isoflavones, and Cardiovascular Health

Sacks¹,

Lichtenstein²,

Horn³

et al. 2006

Circulation

581

153

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Abstract-Soy protein and isoflavones (phytoestrogens) have gained considerable attention for their potential role in improving risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This scientific advisory assesses the more recent work published on soy protein and its component isoflavones. In the majority of 22 randomized trials, isolated soy protein with isoflavones, as compared with milk or other proteins, decreased LDL cholesterol concentrations; the average effect was Ϸ3%. This reduction is very small relative to the large amount of soy protein tested in these studies, averaging 50 g, about half the usual total daily protein intake. No significant effects on HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), or blood pressure were evident. Among 19 studies of soy isoflavones, the average effect on LDL cholesterol and other lipid risk factors was nil. Soy protein and isoflavones have not been shown to lessen vasomotor symptoms of menopause, and results are mixed with regard to soy's ability to slow postmenopausal bone loss. The efficacy and safety of soy isoflavones for preventing or treating cancer of the breast, endometrium, and prostate are not established; evidence from clinical trials is meager and cautionary with regard to a possible adverse effect. For this reason, use of isoflavone supplements in food or pills is not recommended. Thus, earlier research indicating that soy protein has clinically important favorable effects as compared with other proteins has not been confirmed. In contrast, many soy products should be beneficial to cardiovascular and overall health because of their high content of polyunsaturated fats, fiber, vitamins, and minerals and low content of saturated fat.

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Determinants of hypocholesterolemic response to soy and animal protein-based diets

Cited by 62 publications

References 24 publications

Influence of Dietary Casein or Soy Protein on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins of Monkeys <i>(Macaca fascicularis)</i>

Influence of Dietary Casein or Soy Protein on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins of Monkeys <i>(Macaca fascicularis)</i>

Absolute risk of cardiovascular disease events, and blood pressure‐ and lipid‐lowering therapy in Australia

Soy Protein, Isoflavones, and Cardiovascular Health

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