Determinants of household energy use in Bhutan

Modeling Fuel Choice among Households in Northern Cameroon

“…Educated households are well-informed about the positive attributes of using cleaner fuel sources and the adverse health effects of using biomass for cooking. Rahut et al [13] and Miah et al [9] find similar results in Bhutan and Bangladesh, and confirm that preference for cleaner fuels increases with level of education. While the literature shows that income plays a key role in choosing fuel type, and that households with more income tend to use cleaner fuels, our study finds that income was statistically significant only at 10% while other factors were more significant in the move to cleaner fuels.…”

“…Households encounter economic, social, cultural, demographic, and environmental challenges in moving from one energy source to another [13]. Their fuel choice can be broadly explained by the energy ladder theory.…”

Household collection and use of biomass energy sources in South Asia

“…Collection and use of biomass is largely influenced by socioeconomic and demographic factors of households [17]. Fuelwood from the forest and the village commons is available almost free of financial cost [18] as the society as a whole has traditionally not placed a monetary value on the benefits derived from these environmental resources since they are not marketable [3].…”

Determinants of households’ choice of energy for lighting in Nepal

“…Some of such studies are: Adeyemi and Adereleve (2016) [Nigeria]; Heltberg (2004); Hosier and Dowd (1987) [Zimbabwe]; Jumbe and Angelsen (2011) [Malawi]; Lay et al (2013) [Kenya]; Nlon and Karimov (2015) [Cameroon]; Rahut et al (2014) [Bhutan]; Reddy (1995) [India], and Rao and Reddy (2007) [India]. In the MNL model, out of j th (j = 1…m) categories of the dependent variable, one category is considered as a reference category and the probability of choosing other categories is compared to the probability of choosing the reference category.…”

“…Besides income, factors such as household size; gender, education level and age of the head of the households; family composition in terms of proportions of female, children and old members; urbanization; availability and accessibility can influence the choice of energy use (Masera et al, 2000;Rao and Reddy, 2007;Heltberg, 2005;Nnaji et al, 2012;Rahut et al, 2014). Distance from markets, the existence of road infrastructures and energy distribution channel also have a direct impact on energy choice (Koswari and Zerriffi, 2011).…”