Determinants of HIV risk among Indian truck drivers

Bryan, Angela D.; Fisher, Jeffrey D.; Benziger, T. Joseph

doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00435-4

Cited by 63 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…[36,40] The necessity to practice safe sex is in time substituted by feelings of trust, which conjures the need for closeness, resulting in unprotected sex. [30,41] In this study some FSWs mentioned that they come across clients who refused to utilize free Choice condoms provided by the South African government at public health facilities, insisting on commercialized brands costly for FSWs to buy. [39] A study by Baker et al [42] explored custom-fitted male condoms as a sexual health intervention in Cape Town, and outlined concerns expressed by heterosexual males with regard to use of free government ( Choice ) condoms, possibly relevant to truck drivers in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual transactions between long distance truck drivers and female sex workers in South Africa

Makhakhe

Lane

McIntyre

et al. 2017

Global Health Action

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Background: Female sex workers (FSWs) and long distance truck drivers (LDTDs) are considered key populations at high risk for HIV transmission due to high prevalence. The intersection of these mobile populations presents unique challenges in the fight against HIV and the movement towards reducing new infections. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the nature of sex trade along a particular transport route. Sexual transactions and the vulnerabilities that exist between these two groups with regards to HIV/AIDS are described, with the purpose of furthering the agenda for targeted interventions. Methods: Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 participants, seven FSWs and seven LDTDs. We recruited FSWs through snowballing, and LDTDs through intercepts at truck stops. Semi-structured interview guides were used for data collection, and thematic analysis was conducted. Results: The sex trade in this study is characterized by competition, fuelled by money-driven and age-disparate rivalry. Despite widespread HIV knowledge, FSWs contend with persistent challenges regarding condom use negotiation, induced by more money in the exchange for unsafe sex. Despite the placement of wellness centres in truck stops along the highway, LDTDs face stigma related challenges with regards to testing for HIV and personal acknowledgement of their involvement in the sex trade. Conclusion: The nature of the sex trade along the highway continues to be risky despite the availability of HIV testing and antiretroviral treatment (ART). The sex trade is perceived to be increasing along trucking routes, in spite of measures instituted to limit access to FSWs. FSWs struggle to cope with the pressure of unprotected sex because of the need to generate more income, as well as avoid incidents of violence and threats. Interventions along transport routes need to be inclusive of FSWs who could play a vital role in stigma reduction amongst LDTDs through peer education.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual transactions between long distance truck drivers and female sex workers in South Africa

Makhakhe

Lane

McIntyre

et al. 2017

Global Health Action

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“…1,2 Their role as a bridge population between high-risk persons and the general population for transmitting STI/HIV has long been recognized. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Men and women working in a truck stand as transport agents or other occupations and living in, or in close proximity of, truck stands may be at higher risk for STI/HIV because of possible sexual mixing among truck drivers, sex workers, and those persons working/living in truck stand setting. 3,9,10 Copyright © 2007, American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association All rights reserved.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk Factors Among Truck Stand Workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Alam

Rahman²,

Gausia

et al. 2007

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

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Objective-This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of selected sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and their risk factors among workers in and near a truck stand in Dhaka, Bangladesh.Study Design-A random sample of 696 men and 206 women were recruited into a cross-sectional study using a census that enumerated transport agents, motor mechanics, laborers, and vendors in Tejgaon truck stand.Results-The prevalence rates of syphilis (rapid plasma reagin and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination), gonorrhea (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), and chlamydial infections (PCR) among men were 4.1%, 7.7%, and 2.3%, respectively, and among women were 2.9%, 8.3%, and 5.2%. Multivariable analysis revealed that having ≥2 sex partners in the last month, never using a condom with sex workers, and ever injecting narcotics were significant predictors of STI among men. Being never married, working as a laborer, older age, and living within the truck stand were significant predictors of practicing high-risk behaviors among men, but none predicted infection with STIs.Conclusions-Both behavioral and STI data suggest that truck stand workers should be included in the STI/HIV intervention programs.Long distance truckers and their helpers are considered at especially high risk for contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs). 1,2 Their role as a bridge population between high-risk persons and the general population for transmitting STI/HIV has long been recognized. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Men and women working in a truck stand as transport agents or other occupations and living in, or in close proximity of, truck stands may be at higher risk for STI/HIV because of possible sexual mixing among truck drivers, sex workers, and those persons working/living in truck stand setting. 3,9,10 Copyright © 2007, American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association All rights reserved. Materials and Methods Study Design, Site, and PopulationWe conducted a cross-sectional study among adult men aged 15 to 55 years and women aged 15 to 49 years working in the Tejgaon truck stand of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. The target population included individuals working as transport agents, motor mechanics, laborers, and small vendors in the truck stop for more than 3 months before the time of the study, but excluded truck drivers and their helpers. We identified 1649 men and 423 women working in the truck stand through a 2000 census in this community. A random sample of 839 men and 236 women was selected using probability sampling. Approval of the study was obtained from the ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research, Bangladesh ethical review committee. Data CollectionStudy interviewers visited the workplaces and/or residences of all selected subjects and invited them to our clinics to participate. Written informed consent was obtained from each enrolled subject. Sociodemographic and behavioral information were collected by same-sex interviewers using semistructured questionnaires. Trained physicians examined the participa...

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“…18 Visits to these brothels and practice of unsafe sex are common amongst the migrant workers, which increase their risk of contacting the HIV infection. 16,19 The direct impact of their infection is evident upon their return to Nepal during vacation when they spread the disease to their innocent wives, who in turn infect their children through delivery and breast feeding.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Majority of the truck drivers travel this multiple day journey to supply goods to the cities in the middle hills. 18 Even internal migrants working as drivers in the highways are exposed to this business. Unprotected sex is practiced by more than 70% of the truck drivers with studies showing that more than two thirds of the drivers have had experiences of having sex with a sex worker, at least once, during the course of their travels.…”

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confidence: 99%

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HIV/AIDS: A Persistent Health Issue for Women and Children in Mid and Far Western Nepal

Adefemi

Tamrakar

2015

Kathmandu Univ. Med. J.

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This article reviews the effect of male migration on the spread of HIV infections in mid and far-western Nepal. It explains the link between male mobility and HIV in women and children. Materials were collected by a systematic search of the databases and the websites of national and international agencies. HIV infection amongst male migrants was found to be high. Their risk behaviors such as unprotected sex with multiple partners and sex workers increase the risk of HIV infection. Substance abuse, loneliness, separation from families, peer pressure, long working hours and poor living conditions are factors that promote unsafe sex. Literacy and awareness about HIV is a key measure to decrease the prevalence of the disease and reduce social stigma among people affected. HIV is a major public health issue especially in Nepal with migration playing a major role in its spread. Negligence to sexual health and lack of comprehensive knowledge on the disease among male migrants are the major obstacles that have exacerbated the disease. There is a need for further research on the existing HIV cases affecting women and children of these two regions to get a clear picture of the gravity of the disease.

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Determinants of HIV risk among Indian truck drivers

Cited by 63 publications

References 32 publications

Sexual transactions between long distance truck drivers and female sex workers in South Africa

Sexual transactions between long distance truck drivers and female sex workers in South Africa

Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk Factors Among Truck Stand Workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh

HIV/AIDS: A Persistent Health Issue for Women and Children in Mid and Far Western Nepal

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