Determinants of Foot Self-Care Practices Among Diabetic Patients Attending Diabetic Clinic at a Referral Hospital, Meru County - Kenya

Wanja, Laurenzia; Mutunga-Mwenda, Catherine S.; Mbugua, Ruth Gathoni; Njau, Stanley Kiarie

doi:10.29322/ijsrp.9.10.2019.p9461

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In the current study, 46.4% (95% CI [41.1-51.6%)] of diabetic patients had poor foot self-care practice. This finding was in agreement with studies conducted in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia (47.0%), Kenya (51.2%), and Guilan Province (north of Iran) (49.6%) [ 23 , 29 , 30 ]. However, this finding was higher than studies conducted in Hawassa, Ethiopia (34.8%), Pakistan (39.8%), and Baquba city, Iraq (37.5%) [ 31 – 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Diabetic patients who couldn’t read and write and completed primary education were nearly two and three times more likely to have poor foot self-care practice compared with those who completed college and above education respectively. Similar findings were reported by studies conducted in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Kenya, Egypt, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, and Baquba city, Iraq [ 23 , 30 , 33 , 34 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 47 ]. This could be because as a diabetic patient’s educational status improves, so will his or her awareness of foot self-care principles, which is the fundamental preventive measure of diabetic foot ulceration, which will be practiced regularly.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Preventive foot self-care practice and associated factors among diabetic patients attending the university of Gondar comprehensive specialized referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021

Mekonen

Demssie

2022

BMC Endocr Disord

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Background Diabetes mellitus is emerging as a major worldwide health problem that has a social, financial, and developmental impact on developing countries. Foot complications are among the most serious and costly complications of diabetes which lead to lower extremity amputation due to diabetic foot ulcers. Poor diabetic foot self-care practice is identified by different studies as a major contributing factor to diabetic foot ulcers. Therefore, this study was intended to assess foot self-care practice and associated factors among diabetic patients attending the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized referral hospital. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1 to August 30, 2021, at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized referral hospital. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to select 384 diabetic patients. A structured pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was entered in epi-info version 7, analyzed using SPSS version 21, and presented using frequencies, percentages, tables, and graphs. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were investigated using a binary logistic regression model. P-value < 0.05 and an odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were used to determine the significance and strength of the association. Results Of the 384 diabetic patients, 46.4% (95% CI (41.1%-51.6%)) of them had poor foot self-care practice. Being male [AOR = 0.54, 95% CI (0.32, 0.89)], couldn’t read and write and completed primary education [AOR = 2.35, 95% CI (1.01, 5.43)] & [AOR = 2.92, 95% CI (1.39, 6.12)], living in rural area [AOR = 3.84, 95% CI (1.91, 7.75)], having diabetic complications [AOR = 2.19, 95% CI (1.07, 4.46)], taking both injection and pills [AOR = 0.33, 95% CI (0.12, 0.88)], having previous information about foot care [AOR = 0.12, 95% CI (0.06, 0.24)], and family support [AOR = 0.57, 95% CI (0.34, 0.94)] were determinants of poor foot self-care practice. Conclusion The adherence of diabetic patients toward foot self-care practice was poor. Being male, having low educational status, living in a rural area, having diabetic-related complications, taking both injections and pills, not having previous information about foot care, and having poor family support increases the odds of having poor foot self-care practice. Giving health education to patients and their caregivers about the basic principles of diabetes foot care, like regular inspection of feet and appropriate footwear at their regular follow-up time, should be emphasized.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Preventive foot self-care practice and associated factors among diabetic patients attending the university of Gondar comprehensive specialized referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021

Mekonen

Demssie

2022

BMC Endocr Disord

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“…Wanja et al reported, relatively a lower number of patients (27.6%) never wear shoes without socks. 7 The difference might be related to the difference in residencies of the patients, where more than half (53.2%) of the patients in our study came from Urban compared to the patients from Wanja et al were 62% of them were rural dwellers. Most of the patients responded never walk barefoot by 78.4% and 86.5% of the patients around and outside their house, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…6 Wanja et al reported, among type 2 DM patients, the foot selfcare practice done correctly by most respondents were washing feet daily by 85% and not wearing high-heeled shoes (>2.5inches) by 81.1% while the worst performed practice was wearing sandals when performing outdoor activities where only 15.7% were likely to have the correct practice and 84.3% were likely to have the incorrect practice. 7 Desalu et al reported 61.4% of the patients were unaware of the importance of inspecting the inside of the footwear for objects. Poor foot practices include; 89.2% not receiving advice when they bought footwear and 88.6% failing to get appropriate size footwear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Diabetic Foot Self-Care Practices Among Adult Diabetic Patients: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Hirpha

Tatiparthi²,

Mulugeta³

2020

DMSO

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Background: Adequate foot care and regular foot examinations along with optimal glycemic control are effective strategies to prevent foot ulceration. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the patterns of foot self-care practice among diabetic patients attending an ambulatory clinic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the ambulatory clinic of Jimma Medical Center. A consecutive sampling technique was used. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 and descriptive statistics were used to describe the findings. Results: A total of 370 diabetic patients (55.9% male and 68.4% type 2) were interviewed. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 46.47±13.63 years. Over one-third (35.7%) of the patients had a previous history of foot ulcer. The majority of the patients self-inspect (92.5%) and wash (82.7%) their foot at least daily, respectively. In this study, 12.2% of the patients never inspected the inside of their footwear before putting them on and 42.4% of the patients never dry between their toes after washing. Most (63.5%) of patients never used moisturizing creams to lubricate the dry skin. In this study, 23.0% and 27.6% of the patients walk in sandals/slippers and in shoes without socks most of the time, respectively. Only 27.3% of the patients changed their socks daily. Majority (78.4% and 86.5%) of the patients never walk barefoot around and outside their house, respectively, and 75.1% of the patients never put their feet near the fire. Conclusion: Diabetic patients were not adequately self-inspect and wash their foot at least daily, dry after wash and moisturize the dry skin. They walk barefoot, in sandals/slippers, and in shoes without socks. Therefore, clinicians should counsel every diabetic patient about the importance of foot self-inspection, foot hygiene, and the risk of walking barefoot, wearing sandals/slippers, and shoes without socks at every follow-up visit.

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“… 27 , 28 For instance, in Embu and Meru Counties in Kenya, 45.1% to 51.2% of diabetes patients had poor levels of foot self-care practices which were associated with a high prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers. 29 , 30 In addition, a qualitative study highlighted that delay in the presentation of diabetic foot complications is associated with a low level of knowledge and awareness of foot problems, poor health-seeking behaviours and competing for personal priorities. 31 Importantly, even when the patient visits the hospital early, only 58% of health facilities in Kenya offer diabetes care services, of which only 74% can test blood glucose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic Foot Risk Assessment among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Kenya

Nduati

Gatimu

Kombe

2022

EAHRJ

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Background: Screening for diabetic foot complications is often neglected, especially during routine and/or annual diabetes check-ups. We assessed the risk of diabetic foot complications among patients with type 2 diabetes in Kenya using the International Working Group on Diabetic Foot risk stratification guidelines to highlight the need for improved foot care. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Mathari National Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya between July and October 2015. Seven hundred patients with type 2 diabetes were identified and 147 were systematically sampled. A trained podiatrist examined patients, and urine and blood samples were taken for biochemical tests and assessed by the investigating team. Results: In total, 44(29.9%) men and 103(70.1%) women were sampled; 75(51.0%) were aged over 55 years, 113(76.9%) were overweight/obese, 117(79.6%) had poor glycaemic control and 125(85%) had never had their feet screened for complications. Thirty participants (20.4%) were categorised as being at high risk for developing diabetic foot complications while 54(36.7%) had moderate risk, 53(36.1%) had low risk and 10(6.8%) had no risk. Compared to other risk groups, those with moderate risk for developing diabetic foot problems had higher mean levels of glycated haemoglobin (9.4%), albumin-creatinine ratio (50.3) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.4 mmol/L) at presentation. No other differences in clinical and laboratory profiles were noted. Conclusion: Our results show high rates of obesity, and poor glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and 56.5% of patients are categorised as being a moderate-to-high risk for foot problems. This highlights the need for healthcare professionals and patients in Kenya to be sensitised regarding the importance of foot screening to prevent lower-extremity complications.

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Determinants of Foot Self-Care Practices Among Diabetic Patients Attending Diabetic Clinic at a Referral Hospital, Meru County - Kenya

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Preventive foot self-care practice and associated factors among diabetic patients attending the university of Gondar comprehensive specialized referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021

Preventive foot self-care practice and associated factors among diabetic patients attending the university of Gondar comprehensive specialized referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021

<p>Diabetic Foot Self-Care Practices Among Adult Diabetic Patients: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Diabetic Foot Risk Assessment among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Kenya

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