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Agricultural extension programs promote regenerative land management practices by increasing farmers' awareness of land use, climate risks, and adoption of adaptation practices for sustainable livelihoods. This study focuses on the perceptions of communities that participate in extension programs and those that do not, regarding climate change risks and livelihood sustainability in Pakistan's Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region. The findings indicate that communities participating in extension programs reported poor community land use practices as a cause of negative climate impacts. Farmers identified livestock deaths due to drought and frequent flooding as the main climate risks in their communities. Our study emphasizes the crucial role of extension programs in mitigating and adapting to environmental risks by increasing awareness, promoting a comprehensive understanding of climate risks and adaptation, and planning for land use management. Additionally, our findings underscore the significance of extension initiatives in enhancing livelihoods, such as agriculture, livestock, and forest‐based livelihoods, in the face of climate change challenges. We recommend increasing access to extension programs, strengthening the role of extension initiatives in climate change mitigation and adaptation, and promoting community participation in decision‐making to support sustainable livelihoods.
Agricultural extension programs promote regenerative land management practices by increasing farmers' awareness of land use, climate risks, and adoption of adaptation practices for sustainable livelihoods. This study focuses on the perceptions of communities that participate in extension programs and those that do not, regarding climate change risks and livelihood sustainability in Pakistan's Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region. The findings indicate that communities participating in extension programs reported poor community land use practices as a cause of negative climate impacts. Farmers identified livestock deaths due to drought and frequent flooding as the main climate risks in their communities. Our study emphasizes the crucial role of extension programs in mitigating and adapting to environmental risks by increasing awareness, promoting a comprehensive understanding of climate risks and adaptation, and planning for land use management. Additionally, our findings underscore the significance of extension initiatives in enhancing livelihoods, such as agriculture, livestock, and forest‐based livelihoods, in the face of climate change challenges. We recommend increasing access to extension programs, strengthening the role of extension initiatives in climate change mitigation and adaptation, and promoting community participation in decision‐making to support sustainable livelihoods.
This paper explores community perspectives on forest landscape restoration (FLR) initiatives and their impacts on ecosystems, livelihoods and social cohesion. The study is based on data collected from 08 focus group discussions (FGDs) conducted in local communities involved in FLR activities. A coding process was used to identify key themes and patterns that shed light on the impacts of FLR. The results show that FLR initiatives have led to social cohesion and conflict resolution, including the establishment of community-based organizations (CBOs), the involvement of community volunteers in various FLR tasks, a cooperative/collaborative approach to forest management, conflict resolution, and the empowerment of local communities. In addition, the results of the study showed that FLRs have successfully regenerated and restored the forest ecosystem, including restoration of biodiversity, plant diversity, improvement of animal populations and livestock health, soil health, and water quality. Ecosystem restoration has improved community livelihoods, including increased crop productivity, access to education, affordable health care, improved economic conditions, and food security. Based on the findings, policy recommendations include strengthening support for community FLR initiatives, promoting stakeholder collaboration, and promoting social equity.
In Colombia and other South American countries, government programs have been implemented to improve the livelihoods of coffee farmers. However, the rate of farm succession remains low and the age of farmers continues to increase. Household surveys and focus group discussions were conducted in the community of Chaparral, Tolima Department, Colombia, to examine the socio-economic and institutional factors that influence family farm succession in the context of these cooperative programs. The study findings suggest that coffee income, parental motivation, secure land tenure, membership in farmer associations, and access to coffee labor have a significant and positive impact on farm succession. To enhance farm succession processes and boost farmers' incomes in the region, it is recommended to strengthen farmer associations and establish secure land tenure policies.
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