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Non-technical SummaryThis paper examines the determinants of the inclusion of European companies in the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index and the Dow Jones STOXX Sustainability Index. These stock indexes intend to comprise the 10% most sustainable corporations of the biggest 2500 corporations in the Dow Jones World Index and the 20% most sustainable corporations in the Dow Jones STOXX 600 Index. In doing so, our paper contributes to the micro-econometric literature analyzing the determinants and economic effects of sustainability performance in three respects: First, it examines a broad measure of corporate sustainability behaviour. This is in contrast to other studies which only apply narrow measures of environmental performance such as toxic releases. Second, the paper examines the effect of internal assessment processes regarding corporate sustainability performance by an independent financial service institution. Finally, it analyzes the influence of unobserved heterogeneity in the framework of panel data models.Our analysis shows that the probability for an inclusion in the sustainability stock indexes strongly decreases if a company does not respond to the written survey of the assessing institution. Furthermore, time invariant random effects and an autoregressive structure in the stochastic components are important factors. Whereas firm size has a strong positive effect and the ratio between sales and total assets a negative effect on the inclusion in the sustainability stock indexes, a significant influence of past economic performance cannot be confirmed robustly.According to these estimation results, the participation in the written survey obviously matters for the inclusion of corporations in the sustainability stock indexes. Therefore, we conclude that not only corporate sustainability performance itself, but also specific elements of the internal assessment process regarding sustainability performance matter for the inclusion of a corporation in a sustainability stock index. Another conclusion is that due to the strong state dependence (many of the examined corporations are either included or not included in the sustainability stock indexes during the entire observation periods), biased and inconsistent estimations are likely if only cross-sectional data are used. Jones Sustainability World Index and the Dow Jones STOXX Sustainability Index. In doing so, the paper contributes to the micro-econometric liter...