Determinants of early marriage among married women in nine high fertility sub-Saharan African countries: a multilevel analysis of recent demographic and health surveys

Belachew, Tadele Biresaw; Negash, Wubshet Debebe; Kefale, Getachew Teshale; Tafere, Tesfahun Zemene; Asmamaw, Desale Bihonegn

doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14840-z

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…As a result, 56.34% (95% CI: 51.34-61.34) of Ethiopians were found to have married before the age of 18. This result is in line with research from Mali (58.2%) [60] and Sub-Saharan Africa (55.11%) [61]. This may be due to the similar socioeconomic characteristics of the research locations.…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 90%

Early marriage and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia: Systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Gebeyehu,

Gesese,

Tegegne

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Early marriage is defined as the union of one or both partners before reaching the age of 18 for the first time. This practice is widely prevalent in underdeveloped countries, particularly in Ethiopia, and has been observed to have detrimental effects on the educational and personal development of both male and female individuals. Methods The present study conducted a comprehensive search of the Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and PubMed databases. The data were extracted using Microsoft Excel (version 14) and analyzed using STATA statistical software. To examine publication bias, a forest plot, rank test, and Egger’s regression test were utilized. Heterogeneity was assessed by calculating I2 and conducting an overall estimated analysis. Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed based on the study region and sample size. The pooled odds ratio was calculated. Results Out of a total of 654 articles, 14 papers with 67,040 research participants were included in this analysis. The pooled prevalence of early marriage among women in Ethiopia was 56.34% (95% CI: 51.34–61.34), I2 = 78.3%). The Amhara region exhibited the highest prevalence of early marriage, with a rate of 59.01%, whereas the Oromia region demonstrated the lowest incidence, with a prevalence rate of 53.88%. The prevalence of early marriage was found to be 58.1% for a sample size exceeding 1000, and 50.9% for a sample size below 1000. No formal education (AOR = 5.49; 95%CI: 2.99, 10.07), primary education (AOR = 3.65; 95%CI: 2.11, 6.32), secondary education (AOR = 2.49; 95%CI: 1.60, 3.87), rural residency (AOR = 4.52; 95%CI: 1.90, 10.74) and decision made by parents (AOR = 2.44; 95%CI: 1.36, 4.39) were associated factors. Conclusion and recommendation In Ethiopia, there was a high rate of early marriage among women. The research findings indicate that early marriage is more prevalent among mothers who possess lower levels of educational attainment, reside in rural areas, and are subject to parental decision-making. Our stance is firmly in favor of expanding the availability of maternal education and promoting urban residency. Furthermore, the promotion of autonomous decision-making by clients regarding their marital affairs is of paramount importance to family leaders.

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Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 90%

Early marriage and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia: Systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Gebeyehu,

Gesese,

Tegegne

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…The study found that the burden of disease was higher among younger pregnant women (20–29 years) in low-and low-middle SDI regions, whereas it was higher among older pregnant women (30–39 years) in high SDI regions. Females in low-and low-middle SDI regions tend to marry and have children at an early age, such as 44 and 39% of girls in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, respectively, who marry before the age of 18 years, and are chronically malnourished ( 22 ). Evidence has shown that chronic malnutrition delays physical maturation and prolongs the adolescent growth beyond the age of 20 years ( 23 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global burden of maternal disorders attributable to malnutrition from 1990 to 2019 and predictions to 2035: worsening or improving?

Xu,

Dong,

Shao

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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Background and aimsMaternal malnutrition is a major global public health problem that can lead to serious maternal diseases. This study aimed to analyze and predict the spatio-temporal trends in the burden of maternal disorders attributable to malnutrition, and to provide a basis for scientific improvement of maternal malnutrition and targeted prevention of maternal disorders.MethodsData on maternal disorders attributable to malnutrition, including number of deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), population attributable fractions (PAFs), age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs), and age-standardized DALY rates (ASDRs) were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to describe their epidemiological characteristics by age, region, year, and type of disease. A log-linear regression model was used to calculate the annual percentage change (AAPC) of ASMR or ASDR to reflect their temporal trends. Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the number of deaths and mortality rates to 2035.ResultsGlobal number of deaths and DALYs for maternal disorders attributable to malnutrition declined by 42.35 and 41.61% from 1990 to 2019, with an AAPC of –3.09 (95% CI: −3.31, −2.88) and –2.98 (95% CI: −3.20, −2.77) for ASMR and ASDR, respectively. The burden was higher among younger pregnant women (20–29 years) in low and low-middle socio-demographic index (SDI) regions, whereas it was higher among older pregnant women (30–39 years) in high SDI region. Both ASMR and ASDR showed a significant decreasing trend with increasing SDI. Maternal hemorrhage had the highest burden of all diseases. Global deaths are predicted to decline from 42,350 in 2019 to 38,461 in 2035, with the ASMR declining from 1.08 (95% UI: 0.38, 1.79) to 0.89 (95% UI: 0.47, 1.31).ConclusionMaternal malnutrition is improving globally, but in the context of the global food crisis, attention needs to be paid to malnutrition in low SDI regions, especially among young pregnant women, and corresponding measures need to be taken to effectively reduce the burden of disease.

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“…This finding is in line with a previous study in Ethiopia ( 14 , 28 ). A study from SSA regions also revealed that early marriage among rural women was higher compared to that of urban women ( 12 ). This may be due to rural areas' higher levels of poverty, stronger social networks, poorer educational prospects, and greater adherence to traditional norms, which may all be directly related to the practice of child marriage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the World Bank outlined that by 2030, four trillion dollars will be lost due to child marriage (2). Studies from different continents indicated that educational status, residence, income level, employment status, family size, knowledge about legal marital age, and parental decision-making about when to get married were the most important determinants of child marriage (8,(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In line with this, the Ethiopian government has taken various (16)(17)(18). However, although there has been a reduction in the rate of child marriage from 49% in 2005 to 40% in 2016 in Ethiopia (19), it is still a major public health threat affecting the lives of many children, particularly in the Amhara region, where 73% of women aged 15-49 years were married before the age of 18 years (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trend, determinants, and future prospect of child marriage in the Amhara region, Ethiopia: a multivariate decomposition analysis

Dessie,

Anley,

Zemene

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundChild marriage is a harmful traditional practice, which compromises children of their childhood and threatens their lives and health. In Ethiopia, 58% of women and 9% of men get married before the age of 18 years. Surprisingly, parents in the Amhara region make marriage promises of their children before they are even born, which will hinder the region from attaining the Sustainable Development Goal of ending child marriage. Thus, this study aimed to assess the trends, determinants, and future prospects of child marriage in the Amhara region of Ethiopia.MethodsA repeated cross-sectional study was conducted using four consecutive nationally representative Ethiopian demographic and health surveys (2000–2016). A logit-based multivariate decomposition analysis for a non-linear response model was fitted to identify factors that contributed to the change in child marriage over time. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value of < 0.05. The child marriage practice in the Amhara region by the year 2030 was also predicted using different forecasting features of Excel.ResultsThe trend of child marriage over the study period (2000–2016) decreased from 79.9% (76.7, 82.8) to 42.9% (39.1, 46.9), with an annual average reduction rate of 2.9%. Approximately 35.2% of the decline resulted from an increase in the proportion of women who attained secondary and above-secondary education over the two surveys. A decrease in the proportion of rural women and a change in the behavior of educated and media-exposed women also contributed significantly to the decline in child marriage. The prevalence of child marriage in the Amhara region by the year 2030 was also predicted to be 10.1% or 8.8%.ConclusionThough there has been a significant decline in child marriage in the Amhara region over the past 16 years, the proportion is still high, and the region is not going to eliminate it by 2030. Education, residence, and media exposure were all factors associated with the observed change in child marriage in this study. Therefore, additional efforts will be required if child marriage is to be eliminated by 2030, and investing more in education and media access will hasten the region's progress in this direction.

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Determinants of early marriage among married women in nine high fertility sub-Saharan African countries: a multilevel analysis of recent demographic and health surveys

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Early marriage and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia: Systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Early marriage and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia: Systematic reviews and meta-analysis

Global burden of maternal disorders attributable to malnutrition from 1990 to 2019 and predictions to 2035: worsening or improving?

Trend, determinants, and future prospect of child marriage in the Amhara region, Ethiopia: a multivariate decomposition analysis

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