Determinants of Diarrheal Diseases among Under Five Children in Jimma Geneti District, Oromia Region, Ethiopia, 2020: a case-control study

Abstract

Background: Globally, in 2017, there are nearly 1.7 billion cases of childhood diarrheal diseases and it is the second most important cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in low-income countries including Ethiopia. Sanitary conditions, Poor housing, unhygienic environment, inadequate safe water supply, cohabitation with domestic animals that may carry human pathogens, and lack of storage facilities for food combining with socio-economic and behavioral factors are the common determinates of diarrhea diseases and had a large impact on diarrhea incidence in most of the developing countries Methods: A Community-based unmatched case-control study design was conducted on 407 systematically sampled under-five children of Jimma Geneti District (135 with diarrhea and 272 without diarrhea) from May 01 to 30, 2020. Data was collected using an interview administered questionnaire and observational checklist adapted from the WHO/UNICEF core questionnaire and other related literature. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were done by using SPSS version 20.0 Result: Socio-demographic determinants such as being a child of 12-23 months age (AOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.68-6.46) and parents/legal guardian’s history of diarrheal diseases (AOR 7.38, 95% CI 3.12-17.44) were significantly associated with diarrheal diseases among under-five children. Environmental and Behavioral factors such as unavailability of handwashing facility nearby latrine (AOR 5.22, 95% CI 3.94-26.49), lack of hand-washing practice at critical times (AOR 10.6, 95% CI 3.74-29.81), improper domestic solid waste disposal practice (AOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.39-5.18) and not vaccinated against rotavirus (AOR 2.45, 95% CI 1.25-4.81) were found important determinants of diarrheal diseases among under-five children. Conclusion: Unavailability of hand-washing facility nearby latrine, parent’s/legal guardian’s history of last two weeks diarrheal diseases, improper latrine utilization, lack of hand-washing practice at critical times, improper solid waste disposal practices, and rotavirus vaccination status were the determinants of diarrheal diseases among under-five children identified in this study. Thus, promoting households through the provision of continuous and modified health information on the importance of sanitation, personal hygiene as well as vaccination against rotavirus, which is fundamental to decrease the burden of diarrheal disease among under-five children.

Evaluation of In vivo antidiarrheal activity of hydro-methanolic extract of the root of Rumex nepalensis in Swiss Albino mice

“…Under 5 years of age, it is a cause of about 15% or more than 1600 child deaths on a daily basis of all child deaths [ 3 ]. Roughly, 80% of all diarrheal deaths in children occur in African and Southeast Asian countries [ 4 ]. About 25% and 31% of the overall diarrheal burden has been attributed to diarrhea among children below the age of five in Africa and Asia, respectively, with the highest death rate in Africa [ 5 ].…”

Hand washing at critical times and associated factors among mothers/caregivers of under-five children in Nefas Silk Lafto Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019: Facility based cross-sectional study

“…Five moments are considered as critical times to wash hands; after defecation, after handling child/adult feces or cleaning child's bottom, after cleaning the environment, before preparing food and before eating food (4,(12)(13)(14).…”