Determinants of complete immunization among senegalese children aged 12–23 months: evidence from the demographic and health survey

Abstract

BackgroundThe expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) is one of the most cost-effective interventions to reduce childhood mortality and morbidity. However, determinants of childhood immunization have not been well studied in Senegal. Thus, the aim of our study is to assess routine immunization uptake and factors associated with full immunization status among Senegalese children aged 12–23 months.MethodsWe used the 2010–2011 Senegalese Demographic and Health Survey data. The DHS was a two stages cross-sectional survey carried out in 2010–2011. The analysis included 2199 children aged 12–23 months. The interviewers collected information on vaccine uptake based on information from vaccination cards or maternal recall Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions models were used to identify the determinants of full childhood immunization.ResultsThe prevalence of complete immunization coverage among boys and girls based on both vaccination card information and mothers’ recall was 62.8%. The immunization coverage as documented on vaccination cards was 37.5%. Specific coverage for the single dose of BCG at birth, the third dose of polio vaccine, the third dose of pentavalent vaccine and the first dose of measles vaccine were 94.7%, 72.7%, 82.6%, and 82.1%, respectively. We found that mothers who could show a vaccination card [AOR 7.27 95% CI (5.50–9.60)], attended at least secondary education level [AOR 1.8 95% CI (1.20–2.48)], attended four antenatal visits [AOR 3.10 95% CI (1.69–5.63)], or delivered at a health facility [AOR 1.27 95% CI (1–1.74)] were the predictors of full childhood immunization. Additionally, children living in the eastern administrative regions of the country were less likely to be fully vaccinated [AOR 0.62 95% CI (0.39–0.97)].ConclusionsWe found that the full immunization coverage among children aged between 12 and 23 months was below the national (> 80%) and international targets (90%). Geographic area, mother’s characteristics, antenatal care and access to health care services were associated with full immunization. These findings highlight the need for innovative strategies based on a holistic approach to overcome the barriers to childhood immunization in Senegal.

Determinants of fully immunization among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia. Further analysis of the 2016 Ethiopian Demographics Health Survey

“…About twothirds of children none-immunized live in Ethiopia, Angola, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Ukraine and democratic Republic Congo (1,4). Barriers for full immunization coverage have been explored as, household Wealth index (5, 6), mother's occupation (6,7), Educational status of mothers (5), History of antenatal care (8), Educational level (8) and place of delivery place (8).…”

Impact of mother’s education on full immunization of children aged 12–23 months in Eritrea: population and health survey 2010 data analysis

“…A study conducted in rural Nigeria found that mother's knowledge of immunization was significantly correlated with full immunization [16]. Other studies also found that maternal education was a determinant of immunization [8,11,14,15,[17][18][19][20]. However, several other studies didn't find evidence of association between maternal education and immunization [14,17,21,22].…”

Regional variations of childhood immunisations in Senegal: a multilevel analysis

“…As in previous studies devoted to childhood vaccination in various sub-Saharan African countries [3,4,7,[10][11][12][13][14], we restricted the analysis to children aged between 12 and 23 months at the time of the surveys (n = 1295, 1306 and 2354 for DHS 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively). Combining the three DHS increased the sample size and enabled us to estimate regional variations of child immunisation with more accuracy.…”

“…Data from the 2017 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) showed that rates of complete immunisation of children aged 12-23 months ranged from 34% in the region of K edougou to 85% in the region of Dakar [3]. Likewise, a secondary analysis of the 2011 DHS [4] showed that children living in eastern regions of Senegal were significantly less likely to be fully vaccinated than children living in western regions (OR: 0.62 95% CI (0.39-0.97)). Regional differences were also found when it came to vaccinations being administered at the right time [5].…”