“…Foreign investors are motivated to intervene since their own interests might differ from the objectives of domestic shareholders, who are potentially more entangled with the firm and less inclined to exercise strict oversight (Desender et al, 2016; Yamanoi & Asaba, 2018). To intervene, they can use two channels of influence: first, “voice”—that is, direct influence, such as exercising their voting rights or private engagement with the management, and second, indirect influence via “exit”—that is, selling their stakes (Hennig et al, 2022; McCahery et al, 2016). Extant research stresses that foreign investors export effective governance practices (Cumming et al, 2017; Fang et al, 2019; Ferreira & Matos, 2008), such as terminating underperforming CEOs (Aggarwal et al, 2011).…”