Determinants of Cadmium Burden Levels in a Population of Children Living in the Vicinity of Nonferrous Smelters

Leroyer, Ariane; Hémon, Denis; Nisse, Catherine; Auque, G; Mazzuca, Muriel; Haguenoer, Jean-Marie

doi:10.1006/enrs.2001.4300

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Soil contamination varied between 100 and 1,700 ppm for lead (values > 1,000 ppm in a 500-m radius around the foundries), between 0.7 and 233 ppm cadmium, and between 101 and 22,257 ppm zinc, the highest values being found within 500 m of the smelters. Lead and cadmium level determinants were mainly linked to habitat distance from the factories, drinking tap water, and, for cadmium, consumption of local produce, fish, and crustaceans (Leroyer et al 2000, 2001). The French control area concerned 20 municipalities of the same region that were unpolluted by heavy metals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urinary homovanillic acid (HVAU), one of the end-products of dopamine metabolism, was assayed in urine using isocratic HPLC, whereas serum prolactin (PRLS), whose secretion is under control of the dopaminergic system, was measured in serum by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, as previously described (Alvarez Leite et al 2002). We asssessed heavy metal exposure by measuring by atomic absorption spectrometry for PbB, whole-blood cadmium (CdB), urinary cadmium (CdU), and urinary mercury (HgU) as described previously (de Burbure et al 2003; Leroyer et al 2000, 2001). Urinary arsenic levels (AsU) were studied only in Polish and Czech children and were measured after arsine generation as the sum of inorganic arsenic and its methylated metabolites (monomethylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid) without notable interference by seafood trimethylated arsenicals (Buchet et al 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Renal and Neurologic Effects of Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, and Arsenic in Children: Evidence of Early Effects and Multiple Interactions at Environmental Exposure Levels

Burbure

Buchet

Leroyer³

et al. 2006

Environ Health Perspect

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294

175

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Lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic are common environmental pollutants in industrialized countries, but their combined impact on children’s health is little known. We studied their effects on two main targets, the renal and dopaminergic systems, in > 800 children during a cross-sectional European survey. Control and exposed children were recruited from those living around historical nonferrous smelters in France, the Czech Republic, and Poland. Children provided blood and urine samples for the determination of the metals and sensitive renal or neurologic biomarkers. Serum concentrations of creatinine, cystatin C, and β2-microglobulin were negatively correlated with blood lead levels (PbB), suggesting an early renal hyperfiltration that averaged 7% in the upper quartile of PbB levels (> 55 μg/L; mean, 78.4 μg/L). The urinary excretion of retinol-binding protein, Clara cell protein, and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase was associated mainly with cadmium levels in blood or urine and with urinary mercury. All four metals influenced the dopaminergic markers serum prolactin and urinary homovanillic acid, with complex interactions brought to light. Heavy metals polluting the environment can cause subtle effects on children’s renal and dopaminergic systems without clear evidence of a threshold, which reinforces the need to control and regulate potential sources of contamination by heavy metals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal and Neurologic Effects of Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, and Arsenic in Children: Evidence of Early Effects and Multiple Interactions at Environmental Exposure Levels

Burbure

Buchet

Leroyer³

et al. 2006

Environ Health Perspect

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294

175

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“…A slight contamination by Ag, As, Bi, Cu, Hg, In, Ni, Sb, Se and Tl could also be found (Sterckeman et al 2002). Studies have been undertaken to investigate the nature of contamination, contaminant transfer mechanisms and their impact on the local populations (Leroyer et al 2001;Sterckeman et al 2002;Pruvot et al 2006;Douay et al 2008).…”

Section: Site Description and Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 96%

Metal Accumulation by Woody Species on Contaminated Sites in the North of France

Migeon¹,

Richaud

Guinet³

et al. 2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

103

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Metal accumulation was investigated in a range of woody species that were planted on Cd-, Znand Pb-polluted sites in North of France. The study is unique in that we directly compare a large number of woody species (25). The highest accumulation of Zn and Cd was found in the Salicaceae family members with up to 950 mg Zn kg −1 dry weight (DW) and 44 mg Cd kg −1 DW in leaves of Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides. Zn content was positively correlated with Cd content, both in leaves and stems. Pb concentration was generally low and was speciesindependent. Oak and birch species accumulated more Mn as compared to other woody species. A seasonal variation in metal accumulation could be found. Although soil compositions and metal bioavailabilities differed amongst the experimental sites chosen in this study, variation of metal concentrations within a given species was small. High bioconcentration factors for poplar and willow suggested the high potential of these species over other woody species for metal accumulation. Taken together, these data suggest that poplar and willow species are good candidates for phytoremediation programmes.

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“…The geometric mean of the blood cadmium levels of children living on the polluted site was 0.51 mg/L and on the non-polluted site was 0.47 mg/L. Neither sex nor age were associated with blood cadmium (Leroyer et al, 2001). In another study conducted in a highly polluted area by 'heavy' metals in Poland, the average blood cadmium level of 8Á15-year-old children was found to be 0.529/0.24 g/dL and blood levels in males were higher (Chlopicka et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Lead and cadmium exposure in children living around a coal-mining area in Yatağan, Turkey

et al. 2006

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The study was designed to determine asymptomatic lead poisoning prevalence and cadmium exposure of preschool children living in a coal-mining area in Yatağan, Mugla, Turkey. The research was conducted between May and June 2002. The study included 236 children (53.4% female and 46.6% male) who were identified among the healthy children between the ages of 6 months and 6 years, using a systematic sampling method, from the records of the local medical centre of Yatağan. Assessments of the levels of blood lead and cadmium were performed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, in the Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty. The mean age of females and males were 49+/-18 and 43+/-19 months, respectively. The mean blood lead level was 33.8+/-15.6 microg/dL in females and 38.8+/-16.0 microg/dL in males. The mean blood lead level of the males was significantly higher than the females (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed a statistically significant negative correlation between blood lead level and age in both sex groups (r= -0.367, P<0.001). The blood lead level was found to be > 10 microg/dL in 95.7% and >20 microg/dL in 87.6% of all children. The mean blood cadmium level of all children was 1.31+/-0.72 microg/dL. The blood cadmium level was found to be >0.5 microg/dL, which is considered to be toxic, in 85% of all children. The difference in blood cadmium levels between sexes was not significant. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between blood cadmium level and age of all children (r= -0.382, P<0.001). Although it is not possible to understand from this study what proportion of the biological lead and cadmium burden results from mining waste and what proportion comes from other sources, such as paint and gasoline residue deposited in soil and air, these results do indicate that asymptomatic lead poisoning and cadmium exposure are significant problems in children living in the Yatağan area. In conclusion, environmental lead measurements (house dust, soil, drinking water and air) must be performed, the results must be compared with the normal limits, and precautions must be taken if necessary in the Yatağan area. Future public health research efforts should focus on reducing the excessive levels of lead and cadmium in the environment.

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Determinants of Cadmium Burden Levels in a Population of Children Living in the Vicinity of Nonferrous Smelters

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Renal and Neurologic Effects of Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, and Arsenic in Children: Evidence of Early Effects and Multiple Interactions at Environmental Exposure Levels

Renal and Neurologic Effects of Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, and Arsenic in Children: Evidence of Early Effects and Multiple Interactions at Environmental Exposure Levels

Metal Accumulation by Woody Species on Contaminated Sites in the North of France

Lead and cadmium exposure in children living around a coal-mining area in Yatağan, Turkey

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