Determinants of bacterial survival and proliferation in blood

Abstract

Bloodstream infection is a major public health concern associated with high mortality and high healthcare costs worldwide. Bacteremia can trigger fatal sepsis whose prevention, diagnosis and management have been recognized as a global health priority by the World Health Organization. Additionally, infection control is increasingly threatened by antimicrobial resistance, which is the focus of global action plans in the framework of a One Health response. In-depth knowledge of the infection process is needed to develop efficient preventive and therapeutic measures. The pathogenesis of bloodstream infection is a dynamic process resulting from the invasion of the vascular system by bacteria, which finely regulate their metabolic pathways and virulence factors to overcome the blood immune defenses and proliferate. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of determinants of bacterial survival and proliferation in the bloodstream and discuss their interactions with the molecular and cellular components of blood.

In-host evolution ofYersinia enterocoliticaduring a chronic human infection

“…In addition to the evolutive pressure of antibiotics, Ye faced the host immune system, nutritional immunity as well as a specific environment requiring a metabolic switch to adapt to a new lifestyle in the blood 42 . Amino acid requirements such as tryptophan for survival in the blood could explain the perturbated amino acid biosynthesis pathways in the late isolates.…”