Determinants of assault-related violence in the community: potential for public health interventions in hospitals

Ramsay, Sheena E; Bartley, Angela; Rodger, Alison

doi:10.1136/emermed-2013-202935

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…From an evolutionary perspective, aggression is adaptive behaviors that are related to an individual's survival, growth, and reproductive success within a group [132,133]. However, aggression with long-term impact is often destructive and maladaptive in today's society, affecting millions of people's health and well-being around the world annually, resulting in significant social destruction and economic costs [134][135][136].…”

Section: Microbiota Stress-associated Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut-Brain Axis: Probiotic,Bacillus subtilis, Prevents Aggression via the Modification of the Central Serotonergic System

Cheng¹,

Jiang²,

Hu³

2019

Oral Health by Using Probiotic Products

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Intestinal bacteria release various neuroactive compounds directly or indirectly regulating brain function to modulate host health and behavior through the gut-brain axis. Probiotics have been used as dietary supplements to target gut microbiota (microbiome) for prevention or therapeutic treatment of various diseases including mental disorders. In our study, chickens were used as an animal model to assess, if dietary supplementation of probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, reduces aggressive behaviors following social challenge. Chickens of an aggressive line were housed in single-hen cages. At 24 weeks of age, the hens were paired with similar body weight to identify the dominance rank (day 0). The subordinate and dominant of each pair were fed a regular layer diet or the diet mixed with 250 ppm probiotics for 2 weeks, then the second behavior test was performed between the same pair (day 14). The display of aggressive behaviors in the regular diet-fed chickens was not affected between the levels at day 0 and day 14, while the frequency of threat and aggressive pecking were reduced in the probiotic-fed chickens compared to the levels at day 0. These results suggest dietary probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, could be a suitable strategy for increasing hosts' mental health.

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Section: Microbiota Stress-associated Aggressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut-Brain Axis: Probiotic,Bacillus subtilis, Prevents Aggression via the Modification of the Central Serotonergic System

Cheng¹,

Jiang²,

Hu³

2019

Oral Health by Using Probiotic Products

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“…Violence and aggression are pervasive phenomena, and represent a significant public health burden. [1][2][3][4] Aggression and violence are also common symptomatic manifestations that the mental health professional is frequently called upon to identify, evaluate, and treat. While aggression and violence have multiple determinants-including social and psychological factorscharacterizing neurobiological correlates of aggression may ultimately lead to the development of clinically informative biomarkers and rational treatment design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neurobiology of aggression and violence

2015

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Aggression and violence represent a significant public health concern and a clinical challenge for the mental healthcare provider. A great deal has been revealed regarding the neurobiology of violence and aggression, and an integration of this body of knowledge will ultimately serve to advance clinical diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. We will review here the latest findings regarding the neurobiology of aggression and violence. First, we will introduce the construct of aggression, with a focus on issues related to its heterogeneity, as well as the importance of refining the aggression phenotype in order to reduce pathophysiologic variability. Next we will examine the neuroanatomy of aggression and violence, focusing on regional volumes, functional studies, and interregional connectivity. Significant emphasis will be on the amygdala, as well as amygdala-frontal circuitry. Then we will turn our attention to the neurochemistry and molecular genetics of aggression and violence, examining the extensive findings on the serotonergic system, as well as the growing literature on the dopaminergic and vasopressinergic systems. We will also address the contribution of steroid hormones, namely, cortisol and testosterone. Finally, we will summarize these findings with a focus on reconciling inconsistencies and potential clinical implications; and, then we will suggest areas of focus for future directions in the field.

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“…At the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust (RFL) we have shown that domestic violence makes a notable contribution to assaults presenting at the ED, 9 although the impact of domestic violence on patients in other parts of the hospital is less clear. We therefore instigated a programme of domestic violence screening by frontline staff for patients attending three outpatient clinics including sexual health, identified by NICE as a high-risk setting, with onward referral to an in-house support service as appropriate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of domestic violence screening at an acute London trust: are there missed opportunities for intervention?

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesDomestic violence screening is advocated in some healthcare settings. Evidence that it increases referral to support agencies or improves health outcomes is limited. This study aimed to (1) investigate the proportion of hospital patients reporting domestic violence, (2) describe characteristics and previous hospital attendances of affected patients and (3) assess referrals to an in-house domestic violence advisor from Camden Safety Net.DesignA series of observational studies.SettingThree outpatient clinics at the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust.Participants10 158 patients screened for domestic violence in community gynaecology, genitourinary medicine (GUM) and HIV medicine clinics between 1 October 2013 and 30 June 2014. Also 2253 Camden Safety Net referrals over the same period.Main outcome measures(1) Percentage reporting domestic violence by age group gender, ethnicity and clinic. (2) Rates of hospital attendances in the past 3 years for those screening positive and negative. (3) Characteristics, uptake and risk assessment results for hospital in-house domestic violence referrals compared with Camden Safety Net referrals from other sources.ResultsOf the 10 158 patients screened, 57.4% were female with a median age of 30 years. Overall, 7.1% reported ever-experiencing domestic violence, ranging from 5.7% in GUM to 29.4% in HIV services. People screening positive for domestic violence had higher rates of previous emergency department attendances (rate ratio (RR) 1.63, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.48), emergency inpatient admissions (RR 2.27, 95% CI 1.37 to 3.84) and day-case admissions (RR 2.03, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.43) than those screening negative. The 77 hospital referrals to the hospital-based domestic violence advisor during the study period were more likely to be taken up and to be classified as high risk than referrals from elsewhere.ConclusionsSelective screening for domestic violence in high-risk hospital clinic populations has the potential to identify affected patients and promote good uptake of referrals for in-house domestic violence support.

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Determinants of assault-related violence in the community: potential for public health interventions in hospitals

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Gut-Brain Axis: Probiotic,Bacillus subtilis, Prevents Aggression via the Modification of the Central Serotonergic System

Gut-Brain Axis: Probiotic,Bacillus subtilis, Prevents Aggression via the Modification of the Central Serotonergic System

The neurobiology of aggression and violence

Outcomes of domestic violence screening at an acute London trust: are there missed opportunities for intervention?

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