Determinants of antibiotic self-medication: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Ahmed, Iftekhar; King, Rebecca; Akter, Sharmin; Akter, Rejina; Aggarwal, Vishal R.

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.03.009

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“… 5 The higher SM prevalence in urban areas may be attributed to the easy accessibility to medicines and a lack of time to visit doctors in urban areas. 6 – 8 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-medication prevalence and associated factors among adult population in Northern India: A community-based cross-sectional study

Juneja,

Chauhan,

Shree

et al. 2024

SAGE Open Medicine

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Objectives: This study aimed to determine self-medication prevalence and its associated factors. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban and rural catchment areas of Uttar Pradesh, India, among 440 adults using a pretested, semistructured questionnaire. The Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to determine the association of self-medication prevalence with various independent variables. The associations were reported as adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: The prevalence of medication use was 66.4%. The majority of participants (45%) took medicine for fever, cough (40.1%), and cold (31.8%). Allopathy (83.2%) was the most common medicine system used for self-medication. More than half reported taking medicine such as paracetamol (52%), followed by cough syrup (21%) and antihistaminic (17%). Convenience (46%) and lack of time (35.3%) were commonly cited reasons for self-medication. Also, 64.4% of the respondents practiced self-medication on the pharmacist’s recommendation. Urban participants (adjusted odds ratio: 9.85, 95% confidence interval: 5.32–18.23), females (adjusted odds ratio: 2.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.18–4.57), skilled workers (adjusted odds ratio: 5.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.80–17.5), and those who completed primary school (adjusted odds ratio: 2.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.16–5.25) were more likely to self-medicate than rural, male, unemployed, and illiterate participants, respectively. Also, participants whose income was 30,000 Indian rupees (adjusted odds ratio: 3.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.00–10.21) were more likely to self-medicate than those whose income was less than 4000. Conclusions: A high prevalence of self-medication was found, particularly in urban areas. Convenience and lack of time were commonly cited reasons for self-medication. Allopathy was the most widely used medicine system for self-medication. Antipyretics, cough syrups, and antiallergics were most commonly self-medicated. Gender, education, and income were associated with self-medication. The study highlighted the increased usage among females which could be further explored and role of pharmacists’ recommendation as a major driver for self-medication.

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“… 5 The higher SM prevalence in urban areas may be attributed to the easy accessibility to medicines and a lack of time to visit doctors in urban areas. 6 – 8 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 5 Besides this, factors such as education level, socioeconomic status, gender, access to healthcare facilities, health-seeking behavior, and drug advertisement can also affect SM practice. 1 , 6 – 8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-medication prevalence and associated factors among adult population in Northern India: A community-based cross-sectional study

Juneja,

Chauhan,

Shree

et al. 2024

SAGE Open Medicine

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“…Antibiotics, a class of metabolites, are produced by microorganisms that have antipathogen or other activities and can interfere with the development of other cell functions . They can be used as pharmaceuticals to prevent or treat bacterial and microbial infections in humans and animals, , and as growth promoters in animal feed to increase the weight of animals including swine, cattle, fish, and poultry. , With the widespread applications in different fields, antibiotics are continuously released into the environment and deposit in different environmental compartments, , ultimately entering the human body through various routes, such as oral intake (drugs and diet), , injection, inhalation, , and so on. The modes of human exposure to antibiotics are mainly divided into long-term low-dose exposure to antibiotics from contaminated drinking water or food and short-term high-dose exposure to antibiotics through self-administration or clinical utilization .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal–Fetal Exposure to Antibiotics: Levels, Mother-to-Child Transmission, and Potential Health Risks

Miao,

Yin,

Liu

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Due to its widespread applications in various fields, antibiotics are continuously released into the environment and ultimately enter the human body through diverse routes. Meanwhile, the unreasonable use of antibiotics can also lead to a series of adverse outcomes. Pregnant women and developing fetuses are more susceptible to the influence of external chemicals than adults. The evaluation of antibiotic exposure levels through questionnaire surveys or prescriptions in medical records and biomonitoringbased data shows that antibiotics are frequently prescribed and used by pregnant women around the world. Antibiotics may be transmitted from mothers to their offspring through different pathways, which then adversely affect the health of offspring. However, there has been no comprehensive review on antibiotic exposure and mother-to-child transmission in pregnant women so far. Herein, we summarized the exposure levels of antibiotics in pregnant women and fetuses, the exposure routes of antibiotics to pregnant women, and related influencing factors. In addition, we scrutinized the potential mechanisms and factors influencing the transfer of antibiotics from mother to fetus through placental transmission, and explored the adverse effects of maternal antibiotic exposure on fetal growth and development, neonatal gut microbiota, and subsequent childhood health. Given the widespread use of antibiotics and the health threats posed by their exposure, it is necessary to comprehensively track antibiotics in pregnant women and fetuses in the future, and more in-depth biological studies are needed to reveal and verify the mechanisms of mother-to-child transmission, which is crucial for accurately quantifying and evaluating fetal health status.

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“…Even self-medication of antibiotics reaches levels of almost 55% in countries such as Peru (Benites-Meza et al, 2023 ) or 50% in Indonesia (Karuniawati et al, 2023 ). Globally, it varies according to the economic development of the country, but can reach levels of more than 80% in some middle-income regions (Ahmed et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and psychometric properties of a self-medication behavior inventory

Penagos-Corzo,

Ortiz-Barrero,

Hernández-Ramírez

et al. 2024

Front. Psychol.

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IntroductionSelf-medication is a prevalent behavior with significant health implications. Understanding its psychosocial determinants can inform preventative strategies and interventions.MethodsWe evaluated the psychometric properties of the Self-Medication Behavior Inventory (SMBI-9) in a binational study with 779 Colombian and Mexican participants. Concurrent validity was assessed through correlations with related inventories, and confirmatory factor analysis tested the proposed four-factor model.ResultsThe SMBI-9 demonstrated high model fit (CFI = 0.995, TLI = 0.991) and invariance across countries. The factors-Social Influence, Attitude toward Medicine, Avoidance, and Prevention-varied significantly with knowledge of medicine, schooling, health insurance status and gender, underscoring the role of social and personal beliefs in self-medication practices.DiscussionSMBI-9 emerged as a reliable tool for capturing the multifaceted nature of self-medication behaviors. Findings highlight the influence of social norms and personal attitudes, suggesting targeted approaches for behavioral interventions.

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Determinants of antibiotic self-medication: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 77 publications

Self-medication prevalence and associated factors among adult population in Northern India: A community-based cross-sectional study

Self-medication prevalence and associated factors among adult population in Northern India: A community-based cross-sectional study

Maternal–Fetal Exposure to Antibiotics: Levels, Mother-to-Child Transmission, and Potential Health Risks

Development and psychometric properties of a self-medication behavior inventory

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