Determinants of Anemia among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Public Health Facilities at Durame Town: Unmatched Case Control Study

Abstract

Background Anemia among pregnant women is one of the most common public health problems in developing country. World health organization (WHO) estimate shows nearly half of pregnant women were affected by anemia. High burden of anemia is observed in Africa particularly in Ethiopia. However, the factors that contribute to the occurrence of anemia were not exhaustively studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify determinant factors of anemia among pregnant women in Durame Town, southern Ethiopia. Method An institutional based unmatched case control study was conducted among 111 cases and 222 controls in Durame Town from 16th February to 8th May 2017 using interviewer administered questionnaires. Controls were pregnant women whose hemoglobin level was 11 g/dl and above at their first antenatal care clinics and cases were pregnant women whose hemoglobin level was less than 11 g/dl. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used to see the determinants of anemia. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p-value were used to identify the significant association. Result A total of 333 women (111 cases and 222 controls) participated in the study. The major determinant factors were parasitic infection (AOR: 3.67, 95% CI: 1.72-7.86), not taking additional diet during pregnancy (AOR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.22-5.08), consuming tea/coffee immediately after food (AOR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.72-7.42), not eating meat (AOR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.03-4.15), previous heavy menstrual blood flow (AOR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.18-5.84), and being housewife (AOR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.02-5.57). Conclusion Parasitic infection, additional diet during pregnancy, consuming tea/coffee immediately after food, meat consumption, previous heavy menstrual blood flow, and occupational status of women were significant factors associated with anemia among pregnant women. Therefore, anemia prevention strategy should include promotion of counseling on additional diet during pregnancy, preventing parasitic infection, and increasing employment opportunities for women.

Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency anemia in Chinese pregnant women (IRON WOMEN): a national cross-sectional survey

“…Multivitamins products, which contain vitamins and minerals including iron [37,38], are commonly consumed in China. The finding concerning meat intake was consistent with previous studies in Ethiopia [25,39,40], in which IDA was found more prevalent in regions with iron-poor diets such as central south, northwest, and east China [24,41].…”

<p>Determinants of Anemia Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Clinic at Public Health Facilities in Kacha Birra District, Southern Ethiopia</p>

“…Women who had prolonged menstrual period before the index pregnancy were 2.7 times more likely to be anemic during pregnancy than who had less duration of menstruation (3-5 days), this result is in covenant with a study done in Mekelle City, 19 Dessie Hospital, 15 Yirgalem and Hawassa cities, 20 and in Durame town public health centers southern Ethiopia. 17 Persistent menstrual bleeding (> five days) was significantly related with the existence of severe anemia among pregnant mothers who came for ANC visits in Mekelle city public hospitals. 21 Mizantepi Teaching Hospital.…”

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Pregnant Mothers towards Preventions of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Ethiopia: Institutional Based Cross Sectional Study

“…Despite this scientific fact, almost 46% of pregnant reported to have habit of drinking coffee or tea immediately after meal. Study done in Ethiopia showed that consuming tea/coffee immediately after food (AOR: 3.58) and not eating meat (AOR: 2.07) were associated with significant risk of anaemia [26]. This low awareness level in conjunction with low practice of three day meal, use of iron rich foods and low compliance to iron tablets (32%), it high likely that the study participants are at higher risks of anaemia.…”