Determinants of Agricultural and Land Management Practices and Impacts on Crop Production and Household Income in the Highlands of Tigray, Ethiopia

Pender, John; Gebremedhin, Berhanu

doi:10.1093/jae/ejm028

Cited by 192 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Given data limitations, our empirical study only investigates the static impact of households" livelihood assets and strategy on their livelihood outcomes. In fact, such static models have been often used for quantifying factors determining household livelihood outcomes (Jansen, Pender, Damon, Wielemaker, et al, 2006;Pender & Gebremedhin, 2007). Following this approach, our study only examines the static determinants of livelihood outcomes with a particular interest in the setting of farmland loss due to escalated urbanization in Hanoi"s peri-urban areas.…”

Section: Figure 1: Conceptual Framework For Analysis Of Hanoi Peri-urmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, following Pender and Gebremedhin (2007), we selected the livelihood strategy choice that households pursued prior to farmland acquisition as a potentially instrumental variable for the current livelihood strategy variables. Second, we included the location of a house (or a residential land plot), and the average age of working members as additional instruments.…”

Section: Model Specification For Determinants Of Livelihood Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Farmland loss and livelihood outcomes: a microeconometric analysis of household surveys in Vietnam

Tuyến¹,

Lim²,

Cameron³

et al. 2014

Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy

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Although there has been much discussion in the literature about the impacts of farmland loss (due to urbanization) on household livelihoods, no econometric evidence of these effects has been provided thus far. This paper, hence, is the first to quantify the effects of farmland loss on household livelihood outcomes in peri-urban areas of Hanoi, Vietnam. Our study found no econometric evidence for negative effects of farmland loss on either income or expenditure per capita. In addition, the results show that farmland loss has an indirect positive impact on household welfare, via its positive impact on the choice of nonfarm based-livelihoods.

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Section: Figure 1: Conceptual Framework For Analysis Of Hanoi Peri-urmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Specification For Determinants Of Livelihood Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmland loss and livelihood outcomes: a microeconometric analysis of household surveys in Vietnam

Tuyến¹,

Lim²,

Cameron³

et al. 2014

Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy

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“…Household demographic characteristics have been found to affect the adoption of SLM practices (Pender and Gebremedhin 2008;Bluffstone and Köhlin 2011;Belay and Bewket 2013;Kassie et al 2013;Genius et al 2014). We hypothesize that higher level of education of the household decision maker/head is associated with adoption of SLM practices and technologies.…”

Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Household size may affect SLM adoption in two ways; larger household sizes may be associated with higher labor endowment, thus, in peak times such households are not limited with labor supply requirement and are more likely to adopt SLM practices (Burger and Zaal 2012; Belay and Bewket 2013; Kassie et al 2013). On the other hand, higher consumption pressure occasioned by increased household size may lead to diversion of labor to non-farm/off-farm activities (Yirga 2007;Pender and Gebremedhin 2008;Fentie et al 2013).…”

Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement in Tanzania and Malawi

Kirui

2015

Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement – A Global Assessment for Sustainable Development

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Land degradation is a serious impediment to improving rural livelihoods in Tanzania and Malawi. This paper identifies major land degradation patterns and causes, and analyzes the determinants of soil erosion and sustainable land management (SLM) in these two countries. The results show that land degradation hotspots cover about 51 and 41 % of the terrestrial areas in Tanzania and Malawi, respectively. The analysis of nationally representative household surveys shows that the key drivers of SLM in these countries are biophysical, demographic, regional and socio-economic determinants. Secure land tenure, access to markets and extension services are major factors incentivizing SLM adoption. The implications of this study are that policies and strategies that facilitate secure land tenure and access to SLM information are likely to stimulate investments in SLM. Local institutions providing credit services, inputs such as seed and fertilizers, and extension services must be included in the development policies. Following a Total Economic Value approach, we find that the annual cost of land degradation due to land use and land cover change during the 2001-2009 period is about $244 million in Malawi and $2.3 billion in Tanzania (expressed in constant 2007 USD). These represent about 6.8 and 13.7 % of GDP in Malawi and Tanzania, respectively. Use of land degrading practices in croplands (maize, rice and wheat) resulted in losses amounting to $5.7 million in Malawi and $1.8 million in Tanzania. Consequently, we conclude that the costs of action against land degradation are lower than the costs of inaction by about 4.3 times in Malawi and 3.8 times in Tanzania over the 30 year horizon. This implies that a dollar spent to restore/rehabilitate degraded lands returns about 4.3 dollars in Malawi and 3.8 dollars in Tanzania, respectively. Some of the actions taken by communities to address the loss of ecosystem services or enhance or maintain ecosystem services improvement include afforestation programs, enacting of bylaws to protect existing forests, area closures and controlled grazing, community sanctions for overgrazing, and integrated soil fertility management in croplands.

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“…In spite of its huge economic contribution, the sector is almost entirely dominated by subsistence, small-scale and resource poor farmers. More over lack of adequate farm management practices, low level of modern inputs usage, the depletion of soil organic matter, rain fed dependent agriculture system are major obstacles to sustain agricultural production in the country (Pender and Gebremedhin, 2007;Kassie et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE ON THE TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF TEFF (<i>ERAGROSTISTEF</i>) PRODUCERS

Elias

Nohmi

Yasunobu

et al. 2014

American Journal of Applied Sciences

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Teff (Eragrostistef) is a major staple food crop in Ethiopia, but smallholder teff production is characterized by persistently low average yield. A major government effort aimed at raising the productivity and competitiveness of smallholder agriculture in Ethiopia involved reforming and implementing agricultural extension service known as Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension System (PADETES). Therefore, this study investigates the effect of agricultural extension service and other factors on the Technical Efficiency (TE) of teff producers in northern Ethiopia. Using cross sectional data we compare TE level of teff producers who are participants and non-participants of Agricultural Extension (AE) program. We address self-selection in to AE program participation using propensity score matching method. Translog stochastic frontier production function is used for TE analysis. The empirical results reveal that, AE program participants' and non-participants' farms have an average TE of 72 and 71% respectively. Both groups of farms have considerable overall technical inefficiencies, suggesting the existence of immense potentials for enhancing production through more efficient use of available technology and resources. Determinants of TE are explained significantly by livestock ownership, credit and improved seed. Based on the results, we derive policy recommendations to improve farmers' teff production performance. These policy measures include the provision of extension services related to technical skill and farm management capacity of the farmers, demand driven livestock extension service, greater access to credit and increasing the availability, quality and adoption of improved seed.

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Determinants of Agricultural and Land Management Practices and Impacts on Crop Production and Household Income in the Highlands of Tigray, Ethiopia

Cited by 192 publications

References 33 publications

Farmland loss and livelihood outcomes: a microeconometric analysis of household surveys in Vietnam

Farmland loss and livelihood outcomes: a microeconometric analysis of household surveys in Vietnam

Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement in Tanzania and Malawi

THE EFFECT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE ON THE TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF TEFF (<i>ERAGROSTISTEF</i>) PRODUCERS

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