Determinants of Acute Respiratory Infection among Under-Five Children in Rural Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction: In low- and middle-income nations, acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. According to some studies, Ethiopia has a higher prevalence of childhood acute respiratory infection, ranging from 16 % to 33.5 %. The goal of this study was to determine the risk factors for acute respiratory infection in children under the age of five in rural Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 7,911 children under the age of five from rural Ethiopia was carried out from January 18 to June 27, 2016. A two stage cluster sampling technique was used recruit study subjects and SPSS version 20 was used to extract and analyze data. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with a childhood acute respiratory infection. The multivariable logistic regression analysis includes variables with a p-value less than 0.2 during the bivariate logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratios were used as measures of effect with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significantly associated with an acute respiratory infection. Results: The total ARI prevalence rate among 7,911 under-five children from rural Ethiopia was 7.8%, according to the findings of the study. The highest prevalence of ARI was found in Oromia (12.8 %), followed by Tigray (12.7 %), with the lowest frequency found in Benishangul Gumuz (2.4 %). A multivariable logistic regression model revealed that child from Poor household (AOR=2.170, 95% CI: 1.631-2.887), mother’s no education (AOR=2.050,95% CI: 1.017-4.133), mother’s Primary education (AOR=2.387, 95% CI:1.176-4.845), child had not received vitamin A (AOR=1.926, 95% CI:1.578-2.351), child had no diarrhea (AOR=0.257, 95% CI: 0.210-0.314), mothers not working (AOR=0.773, 95% CI:0.630-0.948), not stunted (AOR=0.663, 95% CI: 0.552-0.796), and not improved water source (AOR=1.715, 95% CI: 1.395-2.109). Similarly, among under-five children, the age of the child, the month of data collection, anemia status, and the province were all substantially linked to ARI. Conclusions: Childhood ARI morbidity is a serious health challenge in rural Ethiopia, according to this study, with demographic, socioeconomic, nutritional, health, and environmental factors all having a role. As a result, regional governments, healthcare staff, and concerned groups should place a priority on reducing ARI, and attempts to solve the issue should take these variables into account.

Bayesian multilevel analysis of determinants of acute respiratory infection in children under the age of five years in Ethiopia

“…The highest prevalence of ARI was found in Tigray and Oromia, at 15.3 and 14.4%, respectively, and the lowest in Benishangul Gumuz, at 2.6%, according to the descriptive data analysis. This result is consistent with [33][34][35]. Regional differences in sickness distributions could be due to a variety of factors; high-risk areas for ARI were observed in the country's northern and central regions, particularly in Tigray and Oromia.…”

The Unmeasured Burden of Febrile, Respiratory, and Diarrheal Illnesses Identified Through Active Household Surveillance in a Low Malaria Transmission Setting in Southern Zambia

“…Although previous studies have investigated risk factors associated with signs and symptoms of illness using annual data from the cross-sectional Demographic and Health Survey, our study uses longitudinal data to look at seasonal trends over time. 5,6 In addition, past studies have focused on the burden of respiratory infections using data from health centers. 7 These passive surveillance data fail to capture individuals who do not seek treatment, which may lead to selection bias and an underestimate of the disease burden.…”

Association between the Use of Biomass as Fuel for Cooking and Acute Respiratory Infections in Children under 5 Years of Age in Peru: An Analysis of a Population‐Based Survey, 2019

“…ARIs are the main cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age [12], with a global rate of 35.4% in 2017 [13]. e risk factors related to morbidity and mortality by ARI in children under 5 years of age described include being younger, being male, having a low birth weight, and low parental educational level [14,15]. In contrast, greater vaccination coverage and reductions in household air pollution are factors that have shown a greater reduction in mortality from ARI in children under 5 years of age [16].…”