Déterminants Et Contraintes De La Pratique De L’apiculture Dans Les Communes De Djidja Et Zogbodomey Au Sud Du Bénin (Afrique De l’Ouest)

Abstract

Beekeeping is a very interesting activity having a positive impact on agricultural production and rural incomes. This study conducted in both municipalities of Djidja and Zogbodomey, in southern Benin, aimed at analyzing the determinants and constraints of beekeeping activities. For this purpose, a sample of 110 beekeepers randomly selected was investigated. Data about socio-economic and demographic characteristics of households as well as the difficulties in beekeeping were collected through individual interviews and focus groups. The statistical analysis done with R software version 3.1.2 have shown that beekeeping in the study area was influenced by three important socio-economic factors such asthe municipality of the producer, , literacy level and the producer belonging to a village agricultural association. The studies also revealed that the development of beekeeping faced many problems such as: the lack of financial resources, the low level European Scientific Journal January 2017 edition vol.13, No.3 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857 280 of knowledge in beekeeping techniques, the lack of extension services, the high level of parasitism and other forms of constraints as theft, bush fire. Taking into account these results will allow to pay more attention on farmers' and beekeepers situation what will be a means of alleviating of rural poverty.Keywords: Beekeeping, Apis mellifera, Determinants, Constraints, Benin RésuméL'apiculture est une activité importante ayant des retombées positives sur la production agricole et le revenu des ménages ruraux. La présente étude avait pour objectif de connaitre les déterminants et les contraintes de la pratique de l'apiculture. Elle a été conduite dans les communes de Djidja et de Zogbodomey, au centre du Bénin. A cet effet, un échantillon de 110 chefs d'exploitations constitué de façon raisonnée et aléatoire a été enquêté. Des informations sur les caractéristiques socio-économiques des ménages ainsi que les difficultés de la pratique d'apiculture ont été collectées à travers des entretiens individuels et des focus-groupes. Les analyses statistiques effectuées avec le logiciel R version 3.1.2 ont montré que la pratique de l'apiculture était influencée par trois facteurs dont la commune de provenance du producteur, le niveau d'alphabétisation et l'appartenance aux groupements de producteurs. Les études ont révélé que l'apiculture était confrontée aux problèmes de manque de moyens financiers, de non-maîtrise des techniques apicoles, de manque de vulgarisation, de manque de débouché, de parasitisme et d'autres formes de contraintes (vol, feu de brousse). La prise en compte des résultats de cette étude permettra de susciter plus l'intérêt des paysans à l'apiculture moderne et constituera un moyen pour faire reculer la pauvreté en milieu rural.

A Melissopalynologic dynamics appraisal revealed the strategic foraging adaptation of the honeybees (Apis mellifera Linnaeus 1758) to the anthropogenic impacts in the Republic of Benin

“…Most plants in the Savannah area of the country blossom, in November corresponding to the end of the rain season which also coincides with stronger bee populations [ 12 , 14 , 31 ]. Our findings supported as found by Paraiso et a l. [ 27 ] that, November to January, when most beekeepers harvest their hives, and many feral colonies are destroyed by honey hunters in the entire country may be considered as the honey flow season in the northern parts of Benin. The positive correlation between the collected pollen and the pollen species frequency supported the increased collection of pollen and nectar from the same plant species or groups of plants.…”

“…Regarding the beekeeping potentials, traditional beekeeping is common with Kenyan top bar and endogenous hives in jars, tanks, and tree barks [ 27 ]. Parasitic pressure is exceptionally low in the region where it is limited to varroas, the widespread small hive beetle ( Aethina tumida), and predators which may impact apiaries.…”

Beekeeping diagnostic in four production basins in Senegal: an analysis of opportunities and weaknesses

“…The results showed that women were poorly represented (6.25% in beekeeping organizations). These observations of poor women's involvement in beekeeping are similar to those obtained by Diouf (2002) in Senegal, Tchoumboue et al (2001) in the highlands of West Cameroon and in North-East Benin by Ahouandjinou (2016) and Paraïso (2017). Those studies showed that beekeeping was essentially practiced by men around Africa.…”

“…Our results confirm Diouf's (2002) who showed that 85% of beekeepers interviewed had farming as their main activity. They are also similar to those obtained in Benin by Yédomonhan (2009) and Paraïso (2017) where beekeepers had farming as main activity. In highlands of West Cameroon, Tchoumboue et al (2001) found that most farmers were state workers (16.3%) and students (5.4%) This was also observed in Togo with 58.92% of farmers (Sokemawu, 2015).…”

“…Another study conducted in the same country also showed that 50% of beekeepers interviewed had an age ranging from 30 to 39 years (Abera, 2016) while 74.7% of our studied population was more than 50 years old. In Togo also, 58.62% of beekeepers interviewed had less than 50 years old (Sokemawu 2015), in Benin, mean age was 35.75 years (Paraïso, 2017). Those data show the interest that young people have for beekeeping in Ethiopia, Togo and South Benin.…”