Determinants and causes of early neonatal mortality: Hospital based retrospective cohort study in Somali region of Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Early neonatal mortality occurs when a newborn dies within the first seven days in life. Despite interventions, newborn mortality in Ethiopia has grown over time(33 death per 1000 live birth). Determinants varies on level of neonatal mortality. The study's goal was to magnitude of early neonatal death, as well as its causes and drivers, in Newborn Intensive care Unit of Referral Hospital in Ethiopia's Somali region. Methods Health facility based rertrospective study review was conducted between May 2019 to May 2021 in Shiek Hassan Yabare Referral Hospital of Jigjiga University of Ethiopia. All neonates between 0 to 7 days admitted at NICU and get registered using the new NICU registration book from May 2019 to May 2021 with complete data were included.Koobo toolkit was used for data collection and analyzed in SPSS 20. Logistic regression model was used to estimate determinants. Result The magnitude of early neonatal mortality rate( defined as death between 0-7 days) of Ethiopia's Somali region is estimated to be 130 death per 1000 live births-That is 130 newborn couldn't celebrate their seventh day in every 1000 live births. Hypothermia, prematurity, maternal death at birth and shorter length of stay in NICU were increasing the chance of neonatal mortality at early stage while neonatal resuscitation had shown protective effect against neonatal mortality. Similarly birth Asphyxia, preterm, sepsis and congenital abnormalities were major causes of admission and death in the NICU. Conclusion The magnitude of early neonatal mortality is considerable and causes are preventable. enhancing quality of care including infection prevention and hypothermia through mentorship and encouraging Kangaroo Mother Care practice is necessary at child birth and NICU of the Hospital.

Time, cause of early neonatal death, and its predictors among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units at Bahir Dar City public hospitals, northwest Ethiopia: a prospective follow-up study

“…This was supported by studies conducted in India, Eritrea, and Dessie (21,36,37). This might be because most of the early neonatal deaths in resource-limited countries such as Ethiopia are associated with preterm delivery, intrapartum, newborn care practices, low birth weight, not receiving ANC, small gestational age, low APGAR score, delayed start of breastfeeding, home birth, and hypoxia (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

“…The data collection tools were interview questionaries, observation, and follow-up checklists, which were used and adapted from pertinent literature ( 19 – 22 , 23 , 33 – 34 ) and WHO standard verbal autopsy ( 35 ). The carer, chart, and early neonates were interviewed, observed, and followed using those tools, respectively.…”

“…Preterm-related complications were one of the leading causes of death for 30%-35% of ENDs (10,18). In low-income countries, including Ethiopia, the causes of END were neonatal infections, low weight, neonatal distress syndrome (RDS), low appearance, pulse, grimace, activities, respiration (APGAR) scores, preterm delivery, not receiving ANC follow-up, delaying the start of breastfeeding, birth defects, hypoxia, small for gestational age (SGA), home birth, insufficiencies in access to healthcare, birth spacing, and length of hospital stay (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Time to death and its determinants among neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Woldia Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Amhara region, northeast Ethiopia: A five-year retrospective study

“…To facilitate data collection, structured questionnaire checklists were developed by reviewing previous studies (25)(26)(27)(28). Prior to data collection, the questionnaires' contents (cheek list) underwent validation, and a pre-test was conducted to ensure their effectiveness in similar scenarios.…”

“…Approximately 80% on neonatal mortality rate were concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia (8). Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest neonatal mortality rate in the world, at 27 (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32) deaths registered as per 1000 live births in 2017 (9). As comparison, a child born from this region has a probability of eleven times more likely to die in the first month of life than a child born in a high-income countries (6).…”