Determinantes da experimentação do cigarro e do início precoce do tabagismo entre adolescentes escolares em Salvador (BA)

Abstract

Objective: To identify the factors associated with smoking experimentation and initiation among adolescent students (11-14 years of age). Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based study involving adolescent (middle and high school) students at public and private schools in the city of Salvador, Brazil. A multiple-stage sampling protocol was used. The participants completed an anonymous, voluntary, self-report questionnaire. The dependent variables were age at smoking experimentation and smoking initiation. Sociodemographic and educational variables, as well as those related to media influence and alcohol consumption, were considered independent variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed, followed by analysis of the fit of the final logistic regression model. Results: The prevalence of smoking experimentation was 16.1% (95% CI: 15.1-17.2). Of the 5,347 students evaluated, 757 had experimented with cigarettes, and 462 (61.2%) of those 757 had done so before the age of 15 (mean age at smoking experimentation, 13.9 ± 1.8 years). Smoking initiation was associated with paternal smoking (OR = 1.53; 83% CI = 1.07-2.19) and with media influence (OR = 2.43; 83% CI: 1.46-4.04).Smoking experimentation was associated with alcohol consumption (OR = 6.04; 83% CI: 4.62-7.88), having friends who smoke (OR = 3.18; 83% CI: 2.54-3.99), having a boyfriend/girlfriend who smokes (OR = 3.42; 83% CI: 1.78-6.56), and coercive/aggressive educational interventions by the parents (OR = 1.60; 83% CI: 1.26-2.04). Conclusions: Alcohol consumption and the influence of peers and relatives who smoke showed a strong association with smoking experimentation. Paternal smoking and media influence were found to increase the chances of adolescent smoking. Keywords:Smoking; Adolescence; Health education; Cross-sectional studies; Epidemiologic factors; Brazil. ResumoObjetivo: Identificar os fatores associados à experimentação do cigarro e ao início precoce do tabagismo por adolescentes escolares (11-14 anos). Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional com adolescentes escolares (ensino fundamental e médio) de escolas públicas e particulares de Salvador, Bahia. Foi utilizado um protocolo de amostragem em múltiplos estágios. Os participantes da pesquisa responderam a um questionário anônimo, de preenchimento voluntário e autoaplicável. As variáveis dependentes foram o uso experimental do cigarro e o início precoce do tabagismo. Variáveis sociodemográficas, educacionais, relacionadas à influência da mídia e ao consumo de álcool foram consideradas variáveis independentes. Foi realizada a análise de regressão logística multivariada, seguida da análise da adequação do modelo de regressão logística final. Resultados: A prevalência de experimentação do cigarro foi de 16,1% (IC95%: 15,1-17,2). Dos 5.347 alunos avaliados, 757 experimentaram cigarros, e 462 (61,2%) desses 757 o fizeram antes dos 15 anos de idade (média de idade de experimentação de cigarros, 13,9 ± 1,8 anos). O início precoce do tabagismo associou-se com o t...

An overview of recently published medical papers in Brazilian scientific journals

“…Neto et al52 studied factors associated with smoking experimentation and initiation among adolescent students (11-14 years of age). And found that alcohol consumption and the influence of peers and relatives who smoke showed a strong association with smoking experimentation.…”

Os fatores que influenciam o adolescente ao consumo de cigarros e o seu grau de dependência The factors that influence the teenage cigarette consumption and its degree of dependency

“…The variables of school attendance in the studied population showed that in population (2) and (3) there was a greater number of fouls in comparison to the population (1), in accordance with The treatment of adolescent education, those who are not studying or have become repeaters are more likely to be smokers. Another study demonstrates that the teenager with low schooling, that has failed 3 times or more in school is more likely to be a smoker.…”

“…6-7-8 Analyzing this factor, was obtained as a result that 75% of teenagers have tried cigarettes and 64% of teens smoking, work or have worked. Table 2 shows that, in proportion to the population who tried cigarettes (2) and (3) smoker population presented larger percentages in relation to the population that has never experienced the cigarette.…”

“…In the case of adolescents with parents separated or in the process of divorce risk of these make use of cigarettes is greater. 2 Thus, a study showed that some people start smoking earlier and earlier, often in adolescence, since "90% of smokers start smoking until he was 19 years of age". Having as average age of smoking initiation in 15 years, and about 70% of those who experience become dependent on tobacco.…”

Dramatização Como Instrumento De Informação a Respeito Do Tabagismo Entre Escolares

“…Machado Neto et al (2010), enumerou os cinco primeiros fatores determinantes da experimentação do cigarro entre escolares adolescentes em Salvador: curiosidade (60%), influência dos amigos (17,6%), prazer (13,8%), relaxamento (9,2%) e poder (4,6%). Além de questões familiares, como separação dos pais, apontado por Santos Reinaldo et al (2010) em revisão sistemática como fator importante relacionado ao início do hábito.…”