Determinant of Perception Factors in People Living with HIV/AIDS (Plwha) with the Attitude of Preventing Opportunistic Infections

Abstract

HIV and AIDS are worldwide health concerns. Opportunistic infections are brought on by a weakened immune system and the introduction of germs (bacteria, fungi, and viruses) into the body. Opportunistic Infections (OIs) can cause death in >90% of AIDS patients. The objective of this research is to identify perception factors associated with a positive attitude toward preventing opportunistic infections in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This research was an analytical study applying a cross-sectional design and quantitative approaches. This study included 30 samples from PLWHA from the General Hospital of South Tangerang City, Indonesia. Samples were collected using a non-random sampling technique involving accidental sampling. From the results of the study, a relationship of perceived threat (p-value = 0.001; r = 0.515), perceived susceptibility (p-value = 0.044; r = 0.345), perceived severity (p-value = 0.361), perceived benefit (p-value = 0.643), perceived barrier (p-value = 0.094; r = 0.463), and perceived self-efficacy (p-value = 0,004; r = 0.463) was obtained with the prevention attitude of opportunistic infections. The perceived threat is a major factor influencing attitudes toward OI prevention.

The attitude of preventing opportunistic infections among PLHIV/AIDS attending non-governmental organization (Kuldesak) Depok City, Indonesia

“…In the perceived susceptibility can be interpreted as a perception that leads to a person's belief in the possible effects of a disease. In related studies also found similar results, namely there is a strong correlation between perceived susceptibility and attitudes to prevent opportunistic infections (p-value = 0,000) (Ernawati, 2018;Indah & Eryando, 2023). Perceived susceptibility can also be caused by stress that can affect their minds.…”

“…Alsianda revealed the results of the low perceived benefit of 50% (Indah, Puji, Kasumawati, Ratnaningtyas, Ismaya, Ayu, & Mabruroh, 2022). the low attitude of preventing opportunistic infections by 40% (Indah & Eryando, 2023).…”

Penurunan Fatigue pada Pasien HIV/AIDS dengan Progressive Muscle Relaxation

“…Jenis IO terbanyak adalah infeksi tuberculosis (43%), kandidiasis (21%), dan diare 9%, dan variabel usia yang paling berhubungan dengan kejadian IO (p-value 0,0001) (Sutini et al, 2022). Peningkatan insidensi IO diikuti dengan penurunan CD4 (Indah & Eryando, 2023;Sundari et al, 2023). Rerata psikologis dalam score sangat berat dan ditemukan semakin tinggi dialami pasien HIV/AIDS maka skor fatigue akan meningkat setelah dikontrol variabel kadar Hb, lama penggunaan ARV dan psikologis.…”

“…ditimbulkan (Bansal et al, 2020;Indah & Eryando, 2023). Badan kesehatan dunia WHO menunjukan bahwa ODHA di akhir tahun 2021 di dunia sekitar 38.4 juta orang, 1.5 juta diantaranya baru terinfeksi di tahun 2021 (WHO, 2022;Andri et al, 2020).…”