Determinant factors of under-five mortality in rural Ethiopia

Yemane, Getahun Dejene

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104371

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This study also exhibited drinking water from tanks and other sources to have a higher likelihood of under-five mortality than piped water, suggesting that the source of drinking water may significantly impact child mortality rates, similar to studies exhibited in Kenya and Ethiopia [ 51 , 52 ]. Piped water often undergoes regulated treatment from the dam, ensuring higher quality and reduced contamination, thus explaining the lower mortality rates associated with this source.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Under-five children living in the north and east were more likely to die below the age of five compared to children in the central (Kigali). Similarly, under-five mortality was more likely to occur with drinking water from tanks and other sources compared to drinking piped water [ 51 , 52 ]. However, drinking water from rivers, lakes, and ponds exhibited marginal significance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with under-five mortality in Rwanda: An analysis of the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2020

Mkama,

Koroma,

Cheng

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Despite global and Rwandan progress in reducing under-five mortality, the risk of children dying before their fifth birthday persists, necessitating intensified research on determinants. Thus, this study analyzed the birth history data to shed light on the underlying causes of under-five mortality in Rwanda. The study is a secondary analysis of data sourced from the 2020 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS) cross-sectional design. Using SPSS, the data was cleaned, recoded, and weighted, with descriptive and inferential statistics applied. The dependent variable was the child’s living status, while independent variables included socio-demographic, media exposure status of mothers, child, and environmental factors. A total of 10267 under-five children of all interviewed mothers were included in the final analysis, of which 12.3% (1260) died. Maternal age (25–34 years: AOR = 1.514, 95% CI = 1.130–2.029, p = 0.005; 45+: AOR = 13.226, 95% CI = 9.253–18.905, p<0.001), occupational status (agricultural workers and other services), and three or more births within five years (AOR = 1.895, 95% CI = 1.433–2.508, p<0.001) significantly increase the risk of under-five mortality. Conversely, maternal education (primary: AOR = 0.821, p = 0.023; secondary: AOR = 0.533, p<0.001; higher: AOR = 0.365, p = 0.010) and higher wealth indexes (middle: AOR = 0.743, p = 0.001; rich: AOR = 0.612, p<0.001), as well as current breastfeeding (AOR = 0.524, 95% CI = 0.455–0.603, p-value <0.001), are associated with lower under-five mortality. Child sex significantly impacts under-five mortality (AOR = 0.873, 95% CI = 0.770–0.991, p = 0.035), favoring females over males. Conversely, multiple birth type children face higher under-five mortality (AOR = 3.541, 95% CI = 2.727–4.599, p<0.001) compared to singletons. Children in the northern (AOR = 1.478, 95% CI = 1.086–2.011, p = 0.013) and eastern (AOR = 1.470, 95% CI = 1.097–1.971, p = 0.010) regions are more susceptible to mortality compared to those in the central (Kigali) region. Additionally, under-five mortality is higher when using water from tanks and other sources (AOR = 2.240, 95% CI = 1.471–3.411, p<0.001) than piped water. This study identifies crucial factors linked to under-five mortality, underscoring the importance of prioritizing them in interventions to enhance Rwandan under-five survival rates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with under-five mortality in Rwanda: An analysis of the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2020

Mkama,

Koroma,

Cheng

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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“…3 Improved sanitation, on the other hand, can dramatically reduce the transmission of diarrheal illnesses. 4 Access to toilet facilities 5 and proper utilization are crucial aspects of sanitation interventions. 6 Latrine use in households involves all family members using the toilet, with indicators such as fresh excreta, urine splash, spider web absence, and anal cleansing material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open Defecation Practice and Its Determinants Among Households Owned Toilet Facilities in Gambela Town, South West Ethiopia

Birasa,

Donacho,

Gil

et al. 2024

Environ�Health�Insights

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The use of toilet facilities is a major sanitation intervention, as it reduces the spread of diarrheal diseases. In areas where toilets are misused, human excreta may be disposed of in open fields, bushes, and other open places. However, information about the level of utilization of toilet facilities in developing regions of Ethiopia is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to identify open defecation (OD) levels and determinants of OD among household-owned toilets in Gambella town, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 561 households in Gambela Town, using systematic random sampling and questionnaires. The level of OD was analyzed using frequency and percentage. The determinants of OD were assessed using binary logistic regression. Variables with a P-value less than .25 in univariable logistic regression were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model, and statistical significance was declared at a P-value less than .05. The model’s fit was tested using Hosmer and Lemeshow’s goodness of fit. The study found that OD was 47.2% [95% CI: 43.2%-51.4%] among those who owned toilet facilities. The determinants of OD were: occupation of household head [AOR: 5.27, 95% CI: 3.08-9.00], toilet facilities lacking a superstructure [AOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.16-3.43], toilet facilities lacking doors [AOR: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.97-5.27], large family size [AOR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.29-3.60], knowledge of the respondents [AOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.50-3.99], and respondents with negative attitude [AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.12-2.74]. Therefore, key stakeholders should focus on improving toilet utilization, considering those factors in their interventions.

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“…The most recent literature on child mortality in Ethiopia has highlighted that high infant mortality is still prevalent—albeit there is a decrease in infant mortality compared to past years—and social and economic factors remain risk factors for high infant mortality rates [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. For example, two studies [ 28 , 31 ] have examined factors that are associated with childhood illness and under-five mortalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequalities of Infant Mortality in Ethiopia

Ebrahim

Atteraya

2023

IJERPH

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(1) Background: Infant mortality is viewed as a core health indicator of overall community health. Although globally child survival has improved significantly over the years, Sub-Saharan Africa is still the region with the highest infant mortality in the world. In Ethiopia, infant mortality is still high, albeit substantial progress has been made in the last few decades. However, there is significant inequalities in infant mortalities in Ethiopia. Understanding the main sources of inequalities in infant mortalities would help identify disadvantaged groups, and develop equity-directed policies. Thus, the purpose of the study was to provide a diagnosis of inequalities of infant mortalities in Ethiopia from four dimensions of inequalities (sex, residence type, mother’s education, and household wealth). (2) Methods: Data disaggregated by infant mortalities and infant mortality inequality dimensions (sex, residence type, mother’s education, and household wealth) from the WHO Health Equity Monitor Database were used. Data were based on Ethiopia’s Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) of 2000 (n = 14,072), 2005 (n = 14,500), 2011 (n = 17,817), and 2016 (n = 16,650) households. We used the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) software to find estimates of infant mortalities along with inequality measures. (3) Results: Inequalities related to sex, residence type, mother’s education, and household wealth still exist; however, differences in infant mortalities arising from residence type, mother’s education, and household wealth were narrowing with the exception of sex-related inequality where male infants were markedly at a disadvantage. (4) Conclusions: Although inequalities of infant mortalities related to social groups still exist, there is a substantial sex related infant mortality inequality with disproportional deaths of male infants. Efforts directed at reducing infant mortality in Ethiopia should focus on improving the survival of male infants.

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Determinant factors of under-five mortality in rural Ethiopia

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Factors associated with under-five mortality in Rwanda: An analysis of the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2020

Factors associated with under-five mortality in Rwanda: An analysis of the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2020

Open Defecation Practice and Its Determinants Among Households Owned Toilet Facilities in Gambela Town, South West Ethiopia

Inequalities of Infant Mortality in Ethiopia

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