Deterioration of automotive rubbers in liquid biofuels: A review

Akhlaghi, Shahin; Gedde, Ulf W.; Hedenqvist, Mikael S.; Braña, Maria T. Conde; Bellander, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.096

Cited by 60 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 81 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) O‐rings are well known for their resistance to thermal oxidation, chemical mediums and mechanical stress, and are usually applied in hydraulic systems to inhibit leaks of liquids or gases . However, under actual service conditions, the O‐rings are often subjected to harsh environments, such as mechanical stress (often compressive stress), high temperatures (up to 150 °C) and both gaseous (air) and liquid (hydraulic oil) environments, leading to substantial degradation of the chemical structure and mechanical properties of the seals .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of medium phases on the thermal degradation of hydrogenated nitrile rubber O‐rings under compression

Lou

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The degradation of hydrogenated nitrile rubber O‐rings under exposure to either air or hydraulic oil under compression were investigated at elevated temperatures. The physical and chemical changes of the samples aged for various durations were studied by measuring the weight, compression set, tensile strength, elongation at break, crosslinking density, fracture morphology, and attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy. The results indicate that the weight decreased with exposure time and temperature and that weight loss was greater in oil. Crosslinking and chain scission both occurred during the aging process. The significant changes in the mechanical properties indicate that more severe degradation occurs in air. The fracture morphologies results show that the fracture surfaces aged in oil become rougher and have more defects. The ATR–FTIR results demonstrate that the hydroxyl groups were formed in air and oil, while carboxyl groups were only generated in air. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45864.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of medium phases on the thermal degradation of hydrogenated nitrile rubber O‐rings under compression

Lou

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Among the proposals, biofuel production and use is probably the one that has the greatest potential to compensate the current need of fossil fuels. Biofuel can be easily generated from plants biomass resources and organic wastes which are abundant, cheap and renewable [1,2]. Biodiesel has been highlighted due to its chemical and physical properties that resemble to some extent those of diesel, as well as they can be blended with petroleum fuels in various compositions and used in regular engines with little or no modification [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biofuel can be easily generated from plants biomass resources and organic wastes which are abundant, cheap and renewable [1,2]. Biodiesel has been highlighted due to its chemical and physical properties that resemble to some extent those of diesel, as well as they can be blended with petroleum fuels in various compositions and used in regular engines with little or no modification [1]. Currently, more than 95% of commercial biodiesel has been produced by transesterification from edible oil (e.g., cottonseed, rapeseed, palm, sunflower and soybean) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric polyelectrolytes obtained from renewable sources for biodiesel wastewater treatment by dual-flocculation

Ribeiro¹,

Filho²,

Rozeno³

et al. 2017

Express Polym. Lett.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Biodiesel wastewater generally contains high levels of oils, soaps and glycerol residues. This needs wastewater treatment. In this study, the biodiesel wastewater treatment was tested (industrial wastewater (EFID) and laboratory wastewater (EFLB) from biodiesel) by performing flocculation and dual-flocculation with renewable polymers. Tannin and cationic hemicellulose (CH) were used as cationic flocculant, and cellulose acetate sulfate (CAS) was used as an anionic flocculant. Polyacrylamide (PAM) was used as a reference anionic flocculant for result efficiencies analysis obtained with CAS (renewable source flocculant). The treatment efficacy in wastewater was evaluated by: turbidity removal, sludge volume formed, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS). The obtained sludge was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The dual-flocculation application condition of the 25% proportion of tannin (T) and 75% proportion of cationic hemicelluloses (i.e., T25/CH75) showed EFLB turbidity removal of 89.1% and 89.5% for CAS and PAM additions respectively, and for EFID of 67% and 41% for CAS and PAM additions respectively. The dual-flocculation performance suggested that the polyelectrolytes obtained from renewable sources can be used for treating biodiesel wastewater.

show abstract

“…spark-and compressioneignition), alcohols, bio-methane and biodiesel are the main fuels used on a wide scale [2]. Other types of energy sources can be used with certain modifications, given that they feature specific properties which can differ significantly from those of fossil fuels [3,4]. Their direct application in existing power units is in most cases difficult, mainly due to compatibility and stability issues [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical diagnostics of early flame development in a DISI (direct injection spark ignition) engine fueled with n-butanol and gasoline

Merola

Tornatore

Irimescu

et al. 2016

Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Deterioration of automotive rubbers in liquid biofuels: A review

Cited by 60 publications

References 81 publications

Effects of medium phases on the thermal degradation of hydrogenated nitrile rubber O‐rings under compression

Effects of medium phases on the thermal degradation of hydrogenated nitrile rubber O‐rings under compression

Polymeric polyelectrolytes obtained from renewable sources for biodiesel wastewater treatment by dual-flocculation

Optical diagnostics of early flame development in a DISI (direct injection spark ignition) engine fueled with n-butanol and gasoline

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About