Deterioration, decay and identification of fungi isolated from wooden structures at the Humberstone and Santa Laura saltpeter works: A world heritage site in Chile

Ortiz, Rodrigo; Navarrete, Hugo; Navarrete, José; Párraga, Mario; Carrasco, Ivo; Vega, Eduardo de la; Ortiz, Mayreli; Herrera, Paula; Blanchette, Robert A.

doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2013.10.002

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In general, members of phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are well represented in our metagenome datasets ( Figure 1B). These genera have also been reported in different locations in the Atacama Desert [29,30].…”

Section: Fungi As Endolithobionts Of Halitessupporting

confidence: 54%

Metagenomics of Atacama Lithobiontic Extremophile Life Unveils Highlights on Fungal Communities, Biogeochemical Cycles and Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes

et al. 2019

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Halites, which are typically found in various Atacama locations, are evaporitic rocks that are considered as micro-scaled salterns. Both structural and functional metagenomic analyses of halite nodules were performed. Structural analyses indicated that the halite microbiota is mainly composed of NaCl-adapted microorganisms. In addition, halites appear to harbor a limited diversity of fungal families together with a biodiverse collection of protozoa. Functional analysis indicated that the halite microbiome possesses the capacity to make an extensive contribution to carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles, but possess a limited capacity to fix nitrogen. The halite metagenome also contains a vast repertory of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZY) with glycosyl transferases being the most abundant class present, followed by glycosyl hydrolases (GH). Amylases were also present in high abundance, with GH also being identified. Thus, the halite microbiota is a potential useful source of novel enzymes that could have biotechnological applicability. This is the first metagenomic report of fungi and protozoa as endolithobionts of halite nodules, as well as the first attempt to describe the repertoire of CAZY in this community. In addition, we present a comprehensive functional metagenomic analysis of the metabolic capacities of the halite microbiota, providing evidence for the first time on the sulfur cycle in Atacama halites.

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Section: Fungi As Endolithobionts Of Halitessupporting

confidence: 54%

Metagenomics of Atacama Lithobiontic Extremophile Life Unveils Highlights on Fungal Communities, Biogeochemical Cycles and Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes

et al. 2019

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“…Our results showed that both plants harbor Ascomycota as the dominant phyla followed Basidiomycota. The predominance of these phylum has also been reported in studies where a variety of cultivable fungi from the bulk soil [43], decaying wood from ancient saltpeters [44], rocks [45] has been isolated. Despite the ecological roles of the fungi in the in ecosystems, its distribution and diversity in the plant interaction (rhizosphere microbiome) has been poorly described in Atacama Desert.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Fungal and Bacterial Microbiome Associated with the Rhizosphere of Native Plants from the Atacama Desert

et al. 2020

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The rhizosphere microbiome is key in survival, development, and stress tolerance in plants. Salinity, drought, and extreme temperatures are frequent events in the Atacama Desert, considered the driest in the world. However, little information of the rhizosphere microbiome and its possible contribution to the adaptation and tolerance of plants that inhabit the desert is available. We used a high-throughput Illumina MiSeq sequencing approach to explore the composition, diversity, and functions of fungal and bacterial communities of the rhizosphere of Baccharis scandens and Solanum chilense native plants from the Atacama Desert. Our results showed that the fungal phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and the bacterial phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were the dominant taxa in the rhizosphere of both plants. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LefSe) of the rhizosphere communities associated with B. scandens showed the genera Penicillium and Arthrobacter were the preferential taxa, whereas the genera Oidiodendron and Nitrospirae was the preferential taxa in S. chilense. Both plant showed similar diversity, richness, and abundance according to Shannon index, observed OTUs, and evenness. Our results indicate that there are no significant differences (p = 0.1) between the fungal and bacterial communities of both plants, however through LefSe, we find taxa associated with each plant species and the PCoA shows a separation between the samples of each species. This study provides knowledge to relate the assembly of the microbiome to the adaptability to drought stress in desert plants.

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“…As a result, wood fibers are released and wet wood appears as if the surface cells have been pulped. This process was noticed in polar marine environment [48] as well in an abandoned saltpeter work site [49]. The degradation mechanism is not yet known but it was presumed that in the presence of moisture, the dissolved salts would cause a high pH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Salt efflorescence in historic wooden buildings

Catelli

Bănică

2016

Herit Sci

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Efflorescence and subflorescence are frequent phenomena occurring in buildings of porous inorganic materials such as bricks, stone, and concrete. Since the above phenomena have detrimental effects, they were the subject of detailed physicochemical investigations. Efflorescence on wooden material was commonly observed on collection artefacts treated with preservatives such as inorganic salts or organic pesticides. Occurrence of efflorescence in historical wooden buildings was less studied although it could cause serious conservation concerns. This paper describes an examination of chemical and mineralogical composition of salt efflorescence in wooden buildings. In situ analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was followed by investigation of plain efflorescence by infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. Quantitative analysis of purified efflorescence was performed by plasma atomic emission spectrometry, ion chromatography and absorption spectrophotometry. In addition, depth-profiling of characteristic ions in wood was performed. The objects of study were a series of log houses of the Sverresborg Trøndelag Folk Museum in Trondheim, Norway. It was found that the efflorescence in these buildings includes a series of metal ions, the most abundant being Al . In addition the ammonium ion is present in a large amount. The single detected anion is sulfate. Actually, the efflorescence consists of a mixture of simple and double sulfate salts of alum and Tutton's compound types. Identified Tutton's compounds are mohrite ((NH 4 ) 2 Fe(SO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O), ammonium zinc sulfate hexahydrate ((NH 4 ) 2 Zn(SO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O)), and boussingaultite ((NH 4 ) 2 Mg(SO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O)). Among the alums, both tschermigite (NH 4 Al(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O), and potassium alum (KAl(SO 4 ) 2 ·12H 2 O)) were detected. The composition of efflorescence suggests that the wooden material was treated with a blend of sulfate salts ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·18H 2 O, MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O, ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O, and Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O)) for protection against fire and biological degradation. The efflorescence appeared as a consequence of water leakage through the roof that led to the dissolution of the salts contained in the wood, followed by evaporation and salt crystallization at the surface in the form of double sulfate salts. Although the occurrence of efflorescence in this case was accidental, a natural and more frequent cause of efflorescence could be the deliquescence of inorganic preservatives impregnated in the wood.

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Deterioration, decay and identification of fungi isolated from wooden structures at the Humberstone and Santa Laura saltpeter works: A world heritage site in Chile

Cited by 33 publications

References 32 publications

Metagenomics of Atacama Lithobiontic Extremophile Life Unveils Highlights on Fungal Communities, Biogeochemical Cycles and Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes

Metagenomics of Atacama Lithobiontic Extremophile Life Unveils Highlights on Fungal Communities, Biogeochemical Cycles and Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes

Fungal and Bacterial Microbiome Associated with the Rhizosphere of Native Plants from the Atacama Desert

Salt efflorescence in historic wooden buildings

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