Deterioration and Conservation of an Assyrian Bronze Kneading Bowl

Mahmoud, Gehan Adel; Elserogy, Abdelrahman

doi:10.21608/shedet.2021.32069.1012

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…A test for chloride ion was performed using silver nitrate test. The treatment goal was to get rid of any traces of chlorides that caused the bronze disease while keeping the patina and decorative patina intact"as discussed by Mahmoud&ElSerogy [33]".This treatment was followed by rinsing in distilled water and rinsing in alcohol. The surface of coin no.…”

Section: Mechanical Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Conservation of Bronze Coins Excavated from Tell Timai, El Sembelawen, Daqahleya, Egypt

Elsisi¹,

Nasr²,

Rifai³

2023

Egypt. J. Chem.

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Several archaeological coins were discovered in Tell Timai, Elsembelawen, Daqahleya. They were heavily corroded and in a bad state of preservation. Different corrosion products mixed with soil encrustation totally obscured the surface. The present paper aims to identify the morphology and composition of the alloy and corrosion products, perform a condition assessment and determine the best methods for treatment. Therefore, an analytical and characterization study on coin samples was carried out using X-ray diffraction analysis and portable X-ray fluorescence to understand the nature and composition of the alloy and patina. The results indicated the deterioration of the coins. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the corrosion layers were mostly composed of chlorides, sulfates, and carbonates with some soil residues of gypsum and other compounds. X-ray fluorescence results showed that the coins consisted of ternary alloy [copper, tin, and lead ].The composition of the coins indicated that several coins were high-leaded bronze, except one made from leaded copper. Finally, the results obtained help choose the best treatment and conservation methods. The conservation of the coins required removing the soiled deposits, encrustations, and corrosion layers covering the coins completely while preserving their integrity.

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Section: Mechanical Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Conservation of Bronze Coins Excavated from Tell Timai, El Sembelawen, Daqahleya, Egypt

Elsisi¹,

Nasr²,

Rifai³

2023

Egypt. J. Chem.

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A Novel Comparative Review between Chemical, Natural Essential Oils and Physical (Ozone) Conservation of Archaeological Objects against Microbial Deterioration

Geweely

2022

Geomicrobiology Journal

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Hyperspectral imaging solutions for the non-invasive detection and automated mapping of copper trihydroxychlorides in ancient bronze

et al. 2022

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Ancient bronze is subject to complex degradation which can lead, in cases where copper chlorides are present, to a cyclic and self-sustaining degradation process commonly referred to as “bronze disease”. If left untreated, bronze disease can eat away at a bronze object until it is entirely deteriorated. The presence of copper trihydroxychlorides is indicative that this process is underway and therefore the detection of these corrosion products is necessary in guiding conservation of ancient bronze artefacts. In this paper we present a high spatial/spectral resolution short wave infrared (SWIR) imaging solution for mapping copper trihydroxychlorides in ancient bronze, combining hyperspectral imaging with an in-house developed unsupervised machine learning algorithm for automated spectral clustering. For this work, verification was obtained through use of an in-house developed reference database of typical ancient bronze corrosion products from several archaeological sites, and from collections of the National Museum of China. This paper also explores the suitability, and limitations, of a visible to near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging system as a more accessible solution for mapping copper trihydroxychlorides associated with bronze disease. We suggest that our hyperspectral imaging solution can provide a non-invasive, rapid, and high resolution material mapping within and across bronze objects, particularly beneficial for analysing large collections in a museum setting.

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Deterioration and Conservation of an Assyrian Bronze Kneading Bowl

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization and Conservation of Bronze Coins Excavated from Tell Timai, El Sembelawen, Daqahleya, Egypt

Characterization and Conservation of Bronze Coins Excavated from Tell Timai, El Sembelawen, Daqahleya, Egypt

A Novel Comparative Review between Chemical, Natural Essential Oils and Physical (Ozone) Conservation of Archaeological Objects against Microbial Deterioration

Hyperspectral imaging solutions for the non-invasive detection and automated mapping of copper trihydroxychlorides in ancient bronze

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