Deteriorating insulin resistance due to WL15 peptide from cysteine and glycine‐rich protein 2 in high glucose‐induced rat skeletal muscle L6 cells

Abstract

This study investigates the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of the WL15 peptide derived from Channa striatus on regulating the antioxidant property in the rat skeletal muscle cell line (L6) and enhancing glucose uptake via glucose metabolism. Increased oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of diabetes and its complications.Strategies are needed to mitigate the oxidative stress that can reduce these pathogenic processes. Our results showed that with treatment with WL15 peptide, the reactive oxygen species significantly decreased in L6 myotubes in a dose-dependent manner, and increased antioxidant enzymes help to prevent the formation of lipid peroxidation in L6 myotubes. The cytotoxicity of WL15 is evaluated in the L6 cells and found to be noncytotoxic at the tested concentration. Also, for the analysis of glucose uptake activity in L6 cells, the 2-(N-[7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl]amino)-2-deoxy-D-glucose assay was performed in the presence of wortmannin and genistein inhibitors. WL15 demonstrated antidiabetic activities through a dose-dependent increase in glucose uptake (64%) and glycogen storage (7.8 mM). The optimal concentration for the maximum activity was found to be 50 µM. In addition, studies of gene expression in L6 myotubes demonstrated upregulation of antioxidant genes and genes involved in the pathway of insulin signaling.In cell-based assays, WL15 peptide decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and demonstrated insulin mimic activity by enhancing the primary genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway by increased glucose uptake indicating that glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) is regulated from the intracellular pool to the plasma membrane.

Purification and characterization of hypoglycemic peptides from traditional Chinese soy-fermented douchi

“…Notably, among these identified peptide sequences, the highest prevalence of amino acid residues was of Leu (L) (15.28%), Gly (G) (12.5%), Val (V) (11.11%), and Ala (A) (11.11%), followed by Pro (P) (8.33%), Arg (R) (8.33%), and Phe (F) (8.33%). Consistent with our results, the amino acid residues of Leu (L), Val (V), Gly (G) and Pro (P) had the highest prevalence in hypoglycemic peptides, such as FFL, LLSL, WGVFN, and EPHGK from bean proteins, 34 IAVPGEVA, IAVPTGVA, and LPYP from soy glycinin, 35 VPE from rice proteins, 24 and WHKNCFRCAKCGKSL from Channa striatus, 36 but there appears to be no primary structural homology to the peptides identified. The presence of Leu (L), Val (V), and Pro (P) is important since they contribute to the observed effects; for example, Leu was considered a key contributor to the inhibition effect against α-glucosidase, 37 and Leu and Pro had positive effects on blood glucose regulation and the signaling and performance of β-cells.…”

Anti‐inflammatory role demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo models using nonsteroidal tetranortriterpenoid, Nimbin (N1) and its analogs (N2 and N3) that alleviate the domestication of alternative medicine

“…The assay was performed according to a previously described method with minor modifications (Guru et al, 2021; Sarkar et al, 2020). The 2,2ʹ‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic (ABTS) (7 mM) was prepared by dissolving in 2.45 mM potassium persulfate and 0.2 M phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) at 30°C to dilute the reaction mixture.…”

“…The nitric oxide scavenging activity was performed according to a previously described method with minor modification (Guru et al, 2021). Griess reagent was made by combining 1% of sulfanilamide in 2.5% phosphoric acid and 0.1% naphthyl ethylene diamine dihydrochloride in 2.5% phosphoric acid right before use.…”

6‐Gingerol and Semisynthetic 6‐Gingerdione Counteract Oxidative Stress Induced by ROS in Zebrafish

“…It is linked with several diseases including age-related disorders. [6] In addition to the natural defence mechanism like Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Catalase (CAT), small molecules with good antioxidant properties will certainly help to combat the oxidative damage caused by stress.…”

“…Oxidative stress results from the imbalance between reactive species production and elimination using antioxidant defence mechanisms. It is linked with several diseases including age‐related disorders [6] . In addition to the natural defence mechanism like Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Catalase (CAT), small molecules with good antioxidant properties will certainly help to combat the oxidative damage caused by stress.…”