Detection, Prevention, and Management of Extrapyramidal Symptoms

Courey, Tamra J.

doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2007.04.002

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Four different EPSs all involve abnormal involuntary movements of the limbs. For example, dystonia is an involuntary muscular contraction of the head, neck, trunk, and extremities (Courey, 2007). Tardive dyskinesia refers to choreic or stereotypic movements of the mouth, limbs, torso, or upper face (Dayalu and Chou, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These symptoms can range from mild discomfort to permanent involuntary muscle movements, and they can occur after a single dose of antipsychotic medication (van Harten et al, 1999) or develop gradually over several weeks of treatment (Braude et al, 1983;Gray and Gournay, 2000), with some late-onset symptoms occurring even months to years after antipsychotic medication (Courey, 2007). Clinical symptoms of EPSs vary and occur at different times, and interventions for EPSs in clinical therapy must be based on the specific category of EPS shown (Courey, 2007;Dayalu and Chou, 2008). The usual treatment is to lower the dose of antipsychotics in combination with the appropriate medication (Caroff and Campbell, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Therapeutic Effect of Edible Horticultural Therapy on Extrapyramidal Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia

He¹,

Li²,

Zhou³

et al. 2021

horts

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Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs) are common adverse reactions to antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of edible horticultural therapy (EHT) on EPSs in schizophrenic patients. This study assessed the changes in psychopathological symptoms and extrapyramidal symptoms in patients with schizophrenia before and after participating in a six-session EHT. Forty schizophrenic patients, recruited from Wuhan Wudong Hospital, were randomly assigned to the EHT group (average age: 45.40 ± 13.960 years) or the control group (average age: 49.30 ± 12.516 years). The EHT program held weekly sessions from May 2020 to June 2020. A psychiatrist assessed the psychopathological symptoms and extrapyramidal symptoms of schizophrenic patients in both groups with the Chinese version of the Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS) and the Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects (RSESE). After six courses of horticultural therapy, the terms of positive, negative, and general symptoms on the PANSS significantly improved in the EHT group. Moreover, the EPSs were also significantly improved in the EHT group. However, there was no change in the PANSS and RSESE scores in the control group. This study shows that EHT has the potential to improve not only psychopathological symptoms but also EPSs in psychiatric patients. This adds new evidence for EHT as an adjunct to treatment for schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Therapeutic Effect of Edible Horticultural Therapy on Extrapyramidal Symptoms in Patients with Schizophrenia

He¹,

Li²,

Zhou³

et al. 2021

horts

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“…Managing EPS can be challenging, and the most common intervention is a reduction in dose of the AP medication (Courey 2007 ). However, this strategy could result in subtherapeutic dosing, potentially leading to symptom worsening or a full exacerbation of symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Burden Associated with Extrapyramidal Symptoms in a Medicaid Population with Schizophrenia

Abouzaid

Tian

Zhou

et al. 2012

Community Ment Health J

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Patients with schizophrenia and newly initiated on an AAP were included. Patients with and without extrapyramidal symptoms were matched using propensity-score matching. Healthcare utilization and costs were assessed in the 12-month follow-up period using logistic and two-part (gamma) regression models. Of 4,621 patients, 583 (12.6 %) had extrapyramidal symptoms. Patients with extrapyramidal symptoms had significantly more schizophrenia-related and all-cause hospitalizations and schizophrenia-related emergency room visits, as well as significantly higher schizophrenia-specific and all-cause total healthcare, inpatient, and prescription drug costs compared to patients without extrapyramidal symptoms. Extrapyramidal symptoms in patients with schizophrenia is associated with increased healthcare resource utilization and higher medical costs.

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