Detection prevalence of H5N1 avian influenza virus among stray cats in eastern China

Zhao, Furong; Zhou, Dong‐Hui; Zhang, Yongguang; Shao, Jing; Lin, Tong; Li, Yangfan; Wei, Ping; Chang, Huiyun

doi:10.1002/jmv.24216

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Isolation of H5N1 and H5N6 viruses from cats, leopards, lions, and tigers and subsequent experimental inoculation of these and related species illustrate the capacity for avian influenza viruses to cause severe disease and death in domesticated, wild, or captive felids (37-41). However, while serological studies suggest that avian influenza viruses do not appear to be widely prevalent in cats (42,43), they have detected a relatively elevated seroprevalence of seasonal H1N1, H3N2, and, especially, 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses in domestic felids (44)(45)(46). Confirmed influenza virus infection of domestic cats has occasionally resulted in fatal infection in these animals, most frequently documented with 2009 H1N1 viruses, and it is believed that human-to-cat virus transmission is responsible in at least some of these cases (10)(11)(12)47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel A(H7N2) Influenza Virus Isolated from a Veterinarian Caring for Cats in a New York City Animal Shelter Causes Mild Disease and Transmits Poorly in the Ferret Model

Belser

Pulit-Penaloza

Sun

et al. 2017

J Virol

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In December 2016, a low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A(H7N2) virus was identified to be the causative source of an outbreak in a cat shelter in New York City, which subsequently spread to multiple shelters in the states of New York and Pennsylvania. One person with occupational exposure to infected cats became infected with the virus, representing the first LPAI H7N2 virus infection in a human in North America since 2003. Considering the close contact that frequently occurs between companion animals and humans, it was critical to assess the relative risk of this novel virus to public health. The virus isolated from the human case, A/New York/108/2016 (NY/108), caused mild and transient illness in ferrets and mice but did not transmit to naive cohoused ferrets following traditional or aerosol-based inoculation methods. The environmental persistence of NY/108 virus was generally comparable to that of other LPAI H7N2 viruses. However, NY/108 virus replicated in human bronchial epithelial cells with an increased efficiency compared with that of previously isolated H7N2 viruses. Furthermore, the novel H7N2 virus was found to utilize a relatively lower pH for hemagglutinin activation, similar to human influenza viruses. Our data suggest that the LPAI H7N2 virus requires further adaptation before representing a substantial threat to public health. However, the reemergence of an LPAI H7N2 virus in the northeastern United States underscores the need for continuous surveillance of emerging zoonotic influenza viruses inclusive of mammalian species, such as domestic felines, that are not commonly considered intermediate hosts for avian influenza viruses. IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses are capable of crossing the species barrier to infect mammals, an event of public health concern due to the potential acquisition of a pandemic phenotype. In December 2016, an H7N2 virus caused an outbreak in cats in multiple animal shelters in New York State. This was the first detection of this virus in the northeastern United States in over a decade and the first documented infection of a felid with an H7N2 virus. A veterinarian became infected following occupational exposure to H7N2 virus-infected cats, necessitating the evaluation of this virus for its capacity to cause disease in mammals. While the H7N2 virus was associated with mild illness in mice and ferrets and did not spread well between ferrets, it nonetheless possessed several markers of virulence for mammals. These data highlight the promiscuity of influenza viruses and the need for diligent surveillance across multiple species to quickly identify an emerging strain with pandemic potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel A(H7N2) Influenza Virus Isolated from a Veterinarian Caring for Cats in a New York City Animal Shelter Causes Mild Disease and Transmits Poorly in the Ferret Model

Belser

Pulit-Penaloza

Sun

et al. 2017

J Virol

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“…Usually, these were connected to infected wild birds or poultry. Nevertheless, even in areas in which birds are infected with H5N1 IAV, cats are rarely positive by serology or PCR [ 56 , 57 ]. Experimental infections have confirmed that the highly pathogenic H5N1 IAV may induce a severe, fatal disease in domestic cats, and can spread via cat-to-cat contact [ 23 , 24 , 58 ].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Iav Infections In Catsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Virus Infections in Cats

Frymus

Belák

Egberink

et al. 2021

Viruses

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In the past, cats were considered resistant to influenza. Today, we know that they are susceptible to some influenza A viruses (IAVs) originating in other species. Usually, the outcome is only subclinical infection or a mild fever. However, outbreaks of feline disease caused by canine H3N2 IAV with fever, tachypnoea, sneezing, coughing, dyspnoea and lethargy are occasionally noted in shelters. In one such outbreak, the morbidity rate was 100% and the mortality rate was 40%. Recently, avian H7N2 IAV infection occurred in cats in some shelters in the USA, inducing mostly mild respiratory disease. Furthermore, cats are susceptible to experimental infection with the human H3N2 IAV that caused the pandemic in 1968. Several studies indicated that cats worldwide could be infected by H1N1 IAV during the subsequent human pandemic in 2009. In one shelter, severe cases with fatalities were noted. Finally, the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 IAV can induce a severe, fatal disease in cats, and can spread via cat-to-cat contact. In this review, the Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of experts in feline medicine from 11 European countries, summarises current data regarding the aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnostics, and control of feline IAV infections, as well as the zoonotic risks.

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“…Subclinical infection of cats with H5N1 was also reported after contact with infected birds or their excrement (22), thus indicating that cats may serve as a potential asymptomatic H5N1 reservoir. Nevertheless, low prevalence of H5N1 antibodies was reported in cats sera, even in areas in which birds infected with HPAIV H5N1 had been documented (23,57,58).…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Iav In Cats and Dogsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influenza A Virus Infection in Cats and Dogs: A Literature Review in the Light of the “One Health” Concept

Borland

Gracieux

Jones

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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Influenza A viruses are amongst the most challenging viruses that threaten both human and animal health. Constantly evolving and crossing species barrier, the emergence of novel zoonotic pathogens is one of the greatest challenges to global health security. During the last decade, considerable attention has been paid to influenza virus infections in dogs, as two canine H3N8 and H3N2 subtypes caused several outbreaks through the United States and Southern Asia, becoming endemic. Cats, even though less documented in the literature, still appear to be susceptible to many avian influenza infections. While influenza epidemics pose a threat to canine and feline health, the risks to humans are largely unknown. Here, we review most recent knowledge of the epidemiology of influenza A viruses in dogs and cats, existing evidences for the abilities of these species to host, sustain intraspecific transmission, and generate novel flu A lineages through genomic reassortment. Such enhanced understanding suggests a need to reinforce surveillance of the role played by companion animals-human interface, in light of the "One Health" concept and the potential emergence of novel zoonotic viruses.

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Detection prevalence of H5N1 avian influenza virus among stray cats in eastern China

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

A Novel A(H7N2) Influenza Virus Isolated from a Veterinarian Caring for Cats in a New York City Animal Shelter Causes Mild Disease and Transmits Poorly in the Ferret Model

A Novel A(H7N2) Influenza Virus Isolated from a Veterinarian Caring for Cats in a New York City Animal Shelter Causes Mild Disease and Transmits Poorly in the Ferret Model

Influenza Virus Infections in Cats

Influenza A Virus Infection in Cats and Dogs: A Literature Review in the Light of the “One Health” Concept

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